ETCO2-QQ呼吸末二氧化碳--英文版_图文.ppt

End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide ETCO2 Introduction Introduction Definition: ETCO2– patient’s exhaled carbon dioxide ETCO2 monitoring (Capnography) – is a non-invasive method of determining Carbon Dioxide levels in intubated and non-intubated patients Classification ETCO2 waveform Components of the normal capnogram ETCO2 waveform A - B describes the respiratory baseline It measures the CO2 free gas in the dead space of the airways ETCO2 waveform B-C is also known as the expiratory upstroke, where alveolar air mixes with dead space air ETCO2 waveform C-D is the expiratory plateau, exhalation of mostly alveolar gas Point D is the ETCO2 level at the end of a normal exhaled breath (35-45mmHg) ETCO2 waveform D-E is inspiration, inhalation of CO2-free gas, and rapid return of waveform to baseline ETCO2 Monitoring Hyperventilation ETCO2 Monitoring Hypoventilation ETCO2 Monitoring Spontaneous Respirations ETCO2 Monitoring Asthma and COPD Waveforms can indicate need for bronchodilators (shark fin waveform) ETCO2 Monitoring Tracheal –vs- Esophageal Intubation ETCO2 Monitoring Esophageal Intubation ETCO2 Monitoring Esophageal Intubation (carbonated beverages) ETCO2 Monitoring ETCO2 and cardiac output Values 20mmHg = unsuccessful resuscitation Low (20-30mmHg) = good CPR or recovering heart ETCO2 Monitoring Limited 幻灯 powerpoint 动画animation 比赛 脑外科 胸外科 肺栓塞 脱落 接头处 减 心功能 程度 自主呼吸 肌力吧 范围 组成 了解 代表 represent 过程 Expiretory 吸气 Ins piration 呼出expire inhale 病房 分析 阶段 事实上 异常的 判断judge 处理 常见 遇见 情况 低 此时 减少 呼吸频率 情况 麻醉机 呼吸机 镇静药 镇痛药 肌松药 缺口nick * Company name * Double （ETCO2） Q 1 Introduction 3 Clinical application 2 Classification of ETCO2 Introduction carbon dioxide diffuses across the alveolar capillary membrane and is exhaled via the nose or mouth pulmonary capillary bed Normal = 35-45mmHg Sensor is located in endotracheal tube Said stream advantage Main stream Quick reaction High accuracy True waveform