六级仔细阅读理解逐句翻译.pdf

2006 年 12 月 一、 In a purely biological sense, fear begins with the bodys system for reacting to things that can harm us -- the so-called fight-or-flight response. 从纯生物角度来说，恐惧始于人体系统对会伤害我们的事情的反应 即所谓的“战斗或逃 脱”反应。 An animal that cant detect danger cant stay alive, says Joseph LeDoux. Like animals, humans evolved with an elaborate mechanism for about potential threats. “不能觉察到危险的动物无法生存” Jeseph LeDoux 。像动物一样，人类进化过程中形成了 一个精巧的机制，以处理潜在威胁的信息。 At its core is a cluster of neurons ( 神经元 ) deep in the brain known as the amygdala ( 扁桃核 ). 该机制的核心是大脑内部的一束被称为扁桃核的神经元。 LeDoux studies the way animals and humans respond to threats to understand how we form memories of significant events in our lives. Ledoux 研究了动物和人类对危险的反应方式，以理解我们对于生活中重要事件是如何形成 记忆的。 The amygdala receives input from many parts of the brain, including regions responsible for retrieving memories. 扁桃核从大脑的很多部位中接受输入的信息，包括负责回收记忆的部位。 Using this information, the amygdala appraises a situation - I think this charging dog wants to bite me - and triggers a response by radiating nerve signals throughout the body. 使用该信息， 扁桃核对情景进行分析 我觉得这只充满攻击性的狗想咬我 进而通过体内神 经信号的辐射启动效应。 These signals produce the familiar signs of distress: trembling, perspiration and fast-moving feet, just to name three. 这些信号产生与危险相似的信号：颤抖、流汗和快步逃跑，这仅是其中的三种反应。 This fear mechanism is critical to the survival of all animals, but no one can say for sure whether beasts other than humans know theyre afraid. 恐惧机制对所有动物的生存都是至关重要的， 但是没有人敢肯定地说除了人以外， 动物是否 感受到了恐惧。 That is, as LeDoux says, if you put that system into a brain that has consciousness, then you get the feeling of fear. 正如 Ledoux 所言： “如果你把该机制放进一个有知觉的大脑中，你就会有恐惧的感觉” Humans, says Edward M. Hallowell, have the ability to call up images of bad things that happened in the past and to anticipate future events. Edward M.Hallowell 说人类拥有回忆过去发生