《英语修辞学》课件 19. Irony, 20. Sarcasm.ppt

EnglishRhetoricFiguresofOpposition

FiguresofOpposition19.Irony反语1)SocraticIrony苏格拉底式的反语2)VerbalIrony字面式反语3)SituationalIrony情景式反语4)DramaticIrony戏剧式反语20.Sarcasm讥讽

17.Irony反语1)SocraticIrony苏格拉底式的反语2)VerbalIrony字面式反语3)SituationalIrony情景式反语4)DramaticIrony戏剧式反语

DefinitionofIrony1)Ironyis“the‘drymock’,inwhichthecontentandintentofthewordsemployedareopposite;thatis,thecontraryofwhatissaidtobeunderstood”(byArthurZeiger).

DefinitionofIrony2)Itisadeviceofspeakingorwritinginwhichthemeaningliterallyexpressesistheoppositeofthemeaningintendedandwhichaimsatridicule,humororsarcasm.

Therearefourcategoriesofirony1)SocraticIrony苏格拉底式的反语2)VerbalIrony字面式反语3)SituationalIrony情景式反语4)DramaticIrony戏剧式反语

SocraticIrony

苏格拉底式的反语1)Socratesalwaysunderstatedhisownknowledgeandwisdom,andheoftenpretendedcompleteignorance.Hetaughthisyoungstudents,notbytellingthemhisthought,butbyaskingandgoading/stimulatingthemfortheirs,

SocraticIrony

苏格拉底式的反语sothattheyseemedtobeteachingthemselves.Socraticironythusreceiveditsname,whichwasdescribedas“Socrates’dialect”.

2)VerbalIrony字面式反语2)VerbalIronyisthesayingoftheoppositeofwhatismeant,theintendedmeaningofthewordsbeingtheoppositeoftheirusualsense.e.g.:(1)Whentheseatyouhavetoseatonisbrokenandyousay“Ilikeit.”(Actuallyyoudon’tlikeit.)

2)VerbalIrony字面式反语(2)Inourdailylife,wemayhearsomeonesay“Youareafinegoalkeeper,allowingtheothersidetoscoresixgoals”,thenheisusinganirony.

2)VerbalIrony字面式反语(3)AfamousexampleofheavyironyisMarkAntony’sspeechattheburialceremonyofCaesarinShakespeare’sJuliusCaesar:SeeP.230inthetextbook.

2)VerbalIrony字面式反语Friends,Romans,Countrymen,lendmeyourears;IcometoburyCaesar,nottopraisehim.Theevilthatmendoliv