常用句型及被动语.ppt

常用句型及其被动语态陕西城固一中---贾彦强 一.主系表句 1.构成：主语+系动词+表语（“系动词+表语”一起构成本句型的谓语） 功能：用于表示主语所存在的状态。 2.注意：①.系动词也叫联系动词。可分为两类，既：“是”类系动词（能译为“是”之意的，如：am、 is、 are 、was、 were）和非“是”类系动词（如：look、 sound、 seem、 feel、 wear、 appear等）; ②.可用作表语的通常有:a.名词;b.代词（人称代词用宾格）;c.形容词（以“a”开头形容词叫做表语形容词，即通常只用作表语；若用作定语则须后置）；d.副词（只能是趋向副词，如up、 down、 in、 out、 off、 away等；但不能是带-ly的副词）；e.不定式（在口语中to可省略，且常指一个具体的、短暂的、偶然的动作）；f. -ing形式（作表语与句子主语是解释关系，无动作上的主谓关系，常指一个抽象的、长期的、经常性的动作）；j. -ed形式（与句子的主语通常为动宾关系，但不表动作，仅指状态，相当于一个形容词，区别于被动语态);h.介词短语；i.从句（即用句子做表语，因位于表语位置，故叫表语从句）。 3.特点：a.无被动句式; b.其疑问及否定句式的变化分两种情况：①.含有“是 ” 类系动词的借助于“ be ”直接变化；②.含有非“是 ” 类系动词的则借助于助动“ do, does, did ” ； e.g1).He is a good student. E.g2).She works hard. 疑问句:Is he a good student? Does she work hard? 否定句:He is not a good student. She doesnt work hard. c.有人称和数的变化（含有“是 ” 类系动词的变化规律同于“ be ”） ；②.含有非“是 ” 类系动词的变化规律同于实义动词。 e.g3).I am a teacher./She is a student./They are good boys./He was fine./We were out. e.g4).It seems a little dark./You look very tired./Their words sounded as if they had been here before. 二.主谓句 1.构成：(1).主语+不及物动词；(2).主语+被动形式谓语。 功能：表主语的动作。 2.注意：①.主谓句的谓语动词为不及物动词或被动形式谓语，故均为无宾句，若要带宾语，则须加一个相应的介词在该宾语前，如：He leaves./He leaves for Beijing./We were scolded yesterday./We were scolded by our teacher yesterday. ②.在从句分析中应注意应用本特点，若从句为主谓句且已有主语，则应考虑该从句的引导词要用关系副词，如：This I s the place where Lu Xun was bore./I want to know how he will leave. 3.特点：a.一般无被动语态，但个别主谓句有其被动句，如含有laugh at的主谓句； e.g.1).We are laughed at by others. b.其疑问及否定形式的变化分两种情况:(1).谓语是不及物动词的借助于助动词或情态动词；(2).谓语是被动形式的直接将助动词be提前构成疑问句或在助动词be后加not构成其否定句。 e.g.2).He left yesterday. →He didn’t leave yesterday./Did he leave yesterday? e.g.3).They are punished by nature now. →They aren’t punished by nature now./Are they punished by nature now? c.有人称和书的变化(1).谓语是不及物动词的其变化规则同于实义动词；(2).谓语是被动形式的其变化规则同于系动词be. e.g.4).She goes back today./We go back today ./He is helped by me. 三.主谓宾句 1.构成：主语+及物动词+宾语 功能：表主语的动作。 2.注意：①.该句型的谓语动词须为及物动