凝聚态物理原理.pdf

凝聚态物理原理凝聚态物理原理 PrinciplesPrinciples of Condensed Matter Physicsof Condensed Matter Physics 凝聚态物理原理凝聚态物理原理 PrPrinciplesinciples of Condensed Matter Physicsof Condensed Matter Physics Chap.1 Introduction to Condensed Matter Physics • 1 The Position of Condensed Matter Physics in Physics 1.1 Realm of Condensed Matter Physics 1.2 How CMP is important • 2 From Solid State Physics to Condensed Matter Physics 2.1 Fundamentals of Solid State Physics 2.2 Historical Track of Scientific Development • 3 Theoretical Framework of Condensed Matter Physics 3.1 From One-body to Few-body: Reductionist Approach 3.2 On the Many-body: Emergent Phenomena 北京科技大学北京科技大学 物理系物理系 北京科技大学北京科技大学 物理系物理系 1 The Position of Condensed Matter Physics in Physics 1.1 Realm of Condensed Matter Physics Physical world is hierarchical or stratified, i.e. divided into different layers, each with its quasi-stable constituent particles and elementary interactions. Physical world is hierarchical or stratified Four Basic Interactions Type Object Intensity Range Strong Proton and Neutron 1-10 10-13cm-10-12cm (Meson) Weak Decay and trap of 10-10 -12 -12 -10 10 cm basic particles (Neutrino) Electro- Charged particles 10-2 Infinite Magnetic (Photon) Gravitation All objects 10-39 Infinite (Graviton) The position in the Physical World Condensed matter physics is a slice from the middle span of whole hierarchy and in the context of other branches of physics a subject full of vitality con