Determinationoffluorideandchloridecontentsindrinkingwaterbyionselectiveelectrode外文文献资料.PDF

7 Determination of Fluoride and Chloride Contents in Drinking Water by Ion Selective Electrode Amra Bratovcic and Amra Odobasic University of Tuzla, Faculty of Technology, Bosnia and Herzegovina 1. Introduction The fluoride element is found in the environment and constitutes 0.06 – 0.09 % of the earth’s crust. Fluoride is not found naturally in the air in large quantities. Average concentration of 3 1 fluoride in air are in the magnitude of 0.5 ng/m .[ ] Fluoride is found more frequently in different sources of water but with higher concentrations in groundwater due to the presence of fluoride-bearing minerals. Average fluoride concentrations in see water are approximately 1.3 mgL-1. Water is vitally important to every aspect of our lives. Water is a risk because of the possible input and transmission of infectious pathogens and parasitic diseases. We use clean water to drink, grow crops for food and operate factories. The most common pollutants in water are chemicals (pesticides, phenols, heavy metals and bacteria). [2] According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, there are 6 groups which cause contamination of drinking water: microorganisms, disinfectants, disinfection byproducts, inorganic chemicals, organic chemicals, radioactive substances. This chapter concerns the importance of continuously monitoring of fluoride and chloride in drinking water by using a