英语词汇学课件.ppt

EnglishLexicology(II)1

“Withoutgrammarverylittlecanbeconveyed,withoutvocabulary

nothingcanbeconveyed.”EnglishLexicology(II)

EnglishLexicology(II)2Contents5.Word-FormationI:theMajorProcesses6.Word-FormationII:theMinorProcesses7.MotivationTobecontinued

5.1GeneralRemarks5.2Prefixation5.3Suffixation5.4Conversion5.5CompoundingChapter5Word-FormationI:

TheMajorProcesses

5.1GeneralRemarkssuffixationcompositionorcompounding(27%)affixationorderivation(17.5%)conversion(10.5%)PrefixationThethreemajorprocesses

5.2PrefixationEnglishLexicology(II)5Thedefinitionofprefixation1Prefixationistheformationofnewwordsbyaddingprefixestostems.Prefixesdonotgenerallychangetheword-classofthestembutonlymodifyitsmeaning.However,thereisaninsignificantnumberofclass-changingprefixes2Non-class-changingprefixes:natural-unnatural,like-dislike,fair-unfair3Class-changingprefixes:force-enforce,danger-endanger,form-deform,little-belittle,war-postwar,college-intercollege4

5.2PrefixationEnglishLexicology(II)6TheclassificationofprefixesInsomereferencebooks,prefixes(andsuffixes)areclassifiedaccordingtotheirsource,butthisdoesnotseemtohelpfromapracticalpointofview.Itseemsmorehelpfultoclassifythemostimportantproductiveprefixesbytheirmeaningintothefollowingtencategories:

5.2PrefixationEnglishLexicology(II)7logoNegativeprefixesa-/an-amoral,asexual,atheism,anacid,anarchy,dis-dishonest,discontent,discover,disobey,disagreein-Incomplete,inconsistent,incorrect,invulnerable,illogical,illegal,impolite,immoral,imbalance,irrational,irregularnon-nonviolent,non-cooperation,nonautomatic,nonadjustable,un-uninformative,unexpected,unease,unrest

5.2PrefixationEnglishLexicology(II)8OrderLiterateSymmetryGovernmentalRelevantProductiveBelievableVulnerableSaneRelatedAlignedMatureDisorderIlliterateAsymmetryNongovernmentalIrrelevantUnproductiveUnbelie