语法复习课.ppt

提示(必背)a. 把直接宾语(sth)变为主语后，间接宾语(sb)前通常要加上介词to的有：write ,pass,give,lend,sell,show,hand等。 b.把直接宾语(sth)变为主语后，间接宾语(sb)前通常要加上介词for的有：有make,buy,find,draw等。 3．含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如： Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday．（变被动语态） He ______ ______ ______ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday． 4．不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“to be ＋过去分词”。例如： The radio says a wild animal zoo is to ______ in our city． A．be building B．build C．be built D．built 5．以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如： Who has broken the cup？→By whom has the cup been broken？  E．注意区别 被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别： 1）含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成；而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较： The window is broken．窗子破了。（系表结构） The window is broken by him．窗子被他打破了。（被动语态） 2）用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。试比较： He was very interested in science．他对科学有极大兴趣。（系表结构） I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn‘t know what to do．我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。（被动语态）  F．相关句型 与被动语态相关的句型有： 1．be covered with被……覆盖 2．be made of由……制作（发生物理变化）  be made from由……制作（发生化学变化）  be made in由（某地）制造  be made by被（某人）制造 3．be used for被用来……  be used as被当作（作为）……来使用  be used to do sth．被用来做某事 4．It is said that．．．据说……  It is hoped that．．．希望……  It is well known that．．．众所周知…… 例如： ①—Your coat looks nice．Is it ______ cotton？ —Yes．It‘s ______ Shanghai． A．made of；made by B．made of；made in C．made for；made by D．made for；made in ② This machine is used ______ the room wet． A．for keeping B．as keeping C．keep D．to keeping ③ 据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。 ______ ______ ______ that ______ ______ is being ______ over the Changjiang River in Nanjing． 6. Betty___ injured since last Saturday. A. has been 　　 B. was C. is 　　　　　 D. has 7. That book _________into at least 20 foreign languages. A. has said to be translated B. has been said to have translated C. is said that it had been tr