高三英语课件：非谓语动词作定语和状语.pptx

高三英语总复习语法专项训练非谓语动词作定语和状语宝安高级中学高三英语备课组

一、非谓语动词的概念非谓语动词是指动词不定式、动名词和分词。它们是动词的非限定形式。在句子中它们起着一些特殊的作用。以下简要介绍它们各自的构成、作用及应用。

二、动词不定式不定式是指带to的动词原形(使用中有时不带to),?在句中起形容词或副词的作用,?可以作状语和定语。(一)作定语1.?动词不定式与其修的词之间往往有动宾关系,如果该不定式是不及物动词,?其后有必要的介词。例如：Hes?pleasant?fellow?to?work?with.Theres?nothing?to?worry?about.2.?有些名词后常跟不定式作定语。例如:time,reason,chance,right,?ability,?willingness,need,?anxiety,?wish,plan等。Women?should?have?the?right?to?receive?education.There?is?no?time?to?hesitate.3.?the?first,?the?second,?the?last,?the?best?等之后用不定式做定语。The?monitor?will?be?the?first?to?come.He?was?the?last?man?to?blame.

(二)作状语1.?作目的状语:不定式作状语时,?其动作发生在谓语动词之后,?一般置于句子末尾。但是,?如果表示强调,?亦可置于句首。其否定形式为:?在不定式符号前加not。He?went?to?Shanghai?to?visit?his?parents.To?save?the?earth,?we?must?prevent?the?earth?from?being?polluted.I?shut?the?door?quietly,?so?as?not?to?wake?the?baby.2.?作结果状语:We?came?home?after?our?holiday?to?find?our?garden?neat?and?tidy.She?left?home,?never?to?return?again.3.?作原因状语:不定式做原因状语时,?一般放在句子末尾。She?burst?into?laughter?to?see?his?funny?action.The?boy?was?shocked?to?see?the?frightening?scene.

4.?作独立成分有些固定词组带to不定式,?表明说话人的立场或态度,?在句中作独立成分。这些词有:tobe?honest；to?begin?with；to?cut?a?long?story?short,to?get?(back)?to?the?point；not?to?make?much?of?it,to?put?it?another?way；to?tell?the?truth等。To?tell?you?the?truth,?I?have?never?been?to?Beijing.To?be?honest,?I?have?never?heard?of?Winston?Churchill.

三、动名词动名词也是动词的一种非限定形式,?由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。与现在分词构成法相同。它同时具有动词及名词特征。以下主要介绍其做定语及状语的情况。1.?作定语None?is?allowed?to?smoke?in?the?waiting?room.The?speeding?car?came?to?a?stop?all?of?a?sudden.2.?作状语介词+动名词可以作状语用,?表示时间、原因、目的、让步、方式等。例如：After?finishing?the?job,?he?went?home.They?went?to?Manchester?with?the?object?of?winning?the?World?Championship.He?was?blamed?for?having?done?something?wrong.

单击此处可添加副标题四、分词分词是动词的三种非限定形式之一,?包括现在分词和过去分词两种。分词可以在句中作状语及定语。现在分词与过去分词的区别现在分词与过去分词的区别主要表现在语态和