古代文化翻译练习学生版unit 4补充.pptx

Unit4EducationinAncientChina

1）中国古代教育在中国文化中起着举足轻重的作用。中国古代教育最早可以追溯到周朝中后期诸子百家的教育思想。古代中国的教育给人们提供了一个平等的发展机会，即使出身贫寒的人也有可能步入仕途。春秋时期，伟大的教育家孔子打破“学在官府”的陈规。私人学堂盛行。不同的学派通过学堂传播他们的思想主张，出现了百家争鸣的局面。TranslationDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.

2）孔子既是教育家又是哲学家。他的思想理论规范影响着人们的伦理、道德、生活等方方面面。孔子思想的特征之一是他十分强调教育与学习。在思与学的关系上，他认为学思并重。他认为，“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。”对孔子来说，道德教育是最重要的。TranslationDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.

KeytoTranslation1）EducationplayedavitalroleinancientChineseculture.TheoriginofancientChineseeducationdatesbacktotheeducationalideasofthe“HundredSchoolsofThought”inthemiddleandlateZhouDynasty.Itprovidedpeoplewithequalchancefordevelopment.Individualsfromeventhehumblestbackgroundscouldrisetoahigherlevel.IntheSpringandAutumnPeriod,Confucius,thegreateducator,broketheruleoflearningatthegovernmenthall.Privateschoolsprevailed（流行，盛行）andmanyscholarsofdifferentschoolsofthoughtspreadtheirteachinginthiswayandthisledtotheflourishingandcontendingofhundredsofschools.

KeytoTranslation2）Confuciuswasaneducatoraswellasaphilosopher.Histhoughtsandtheorieshadimpactonpeopleinmanyaspectssuchasethics,moralprinciplesandrulesoflife.OneofthefeaturesofConfucius’thoughtsishisemphasisoneducationandlearning.Intherelationshipbetweenlearningandthinking,hebelievedthatlearningandthinkingwereequallyimportant.Hebelievedthat,“Learningwithoutthoughtislaborlost;thoughtwithoutlearningisperilous（危险的）.”Heconsideredmoraleducationthemostimportant.