系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrgan.docx

系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrgan

Thevestibulocochlearorgan,alsoknownastheinnerear,playsacriticalroleinbothhearingandbalance.Thisintricatestructureiscomposedofthecochleaandthevestibularapparatus,eachwithuniquecomponentsandfunctions.

Thecochleaistheprimaryorganofhearingandisspiralshaped,resemblingasnailshell.Itishousedwithinthetemporalboneandconsistsofthreefluidfilledducts:thescalavestibuli,thescalamedia(cochlearduct),andthescalatympani.Theseductsareseparatedbytwomembranes,thebasilarmembraneandthereticularlamina.

1.ScalaVestibuliandScalaTympani:

Thescalavestibuliandscalatympaniaretheupperandlowerducts,respectively,andarefilledwithperilymph,afluidsimilartocerebrospinalfluid.Thescalavestibulicommunicateswiththeperilymphaticspaceofthevestibularapparatus,whilethescalatympanicommunicateswiththemiddleearthroughtheroundwindow.

2.ScalaMedia:

Thescalamedia,orcochlearduct,isthemiddleductandisfilledwithendolymph,afluiddistinctfromperilymph.ThescalamediahousestheorganofCorti,thesensoryorganresponsiblefordetectingsoundvibrationsandconvertingthemintoneuralsignals.

3.OrganofCorti:

TheorganofCorticonsistsofasinglerowofinnerhaircellsandthreerowsofouterhaircells,surroundedbysupportingcells.Thehaircellshavehairlikestructurescalledstereociliathatprojectintothetectorialmembrane,whichoverliestheorganofCorti.Whensoundvibrationscausethebasilarmembranetomove,thestereociliabend,triggeringthetransductionofmechanicalenergyintoelectricalsignals.

4.VibrationalTransmission:

Soundwavesenteringtheeartravelthroughtheexternalauditorycanaltothetympanicmembrane,causingittovibrate.Thesevibrationsaretransmittedthroughtheossicles(malleus,incus,andstapes)totheovalwindow,wheretheyenterthescalavestibuli.Thevibrationstravelth