U6 不定式被动.ppt

一，不定式的形式;主动被动转换;3. We have to make laws to stop killing those rare species of marine life. Laws have to be made to stop killing those rare species of marine life. 4. We are to make laws and to enforce regulations to prevent overfishing. Laws are to be made and regulations are to be enforced to prevent overfishing. ;句子合并;3. He often scratches the deer. The deer likes it. The deer 4. You should use some aid in your speech. Eye contact is a very important aid. Eye contact is a very important aid; 5. He was criticized by the teacher in class. That made him very unhappy. To be criticized by the teacher made him very unhappy.;The passive form of the infinitive: ; I wish to send you to work in the country. （I和不定式所表示的动作是主动关系） （不定式作宾语）  He went to the hospital to examine the students. （He和不定式所表示的动作是主动关系（不定式作状语） ;但有时不定式需要有自己的逻辑主语时，常由介词for引出。 e.g. The chalk is for the teacher to use. e.g. We found it impossible for students to answer the question. ;Its a great honour (for somebody)to invite him to Mary’s birthday party. （somebody和不定式所表示的动作是主动关系）（不定式作主语）  It was impossible for him to make up for lost time. （him和不定式所表示的动作是主动关系）（不定式作主语） ; 2. 被动式：表示被动的意义。如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者，即和不定式所表示的动作是被动关系，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如;Its a great honour (for somebody)to be invited to Mary’s birthday party.（somebody是不定式所表示的动作的承受者，是被动关系）（不定式作主语）  It was impossible for lost time to be made up. （lost time是不定式所表示的动作的承受者, 是被动关系（不定式作主语） ;He went to the hospital to be examined.（He是不定式所表示的动作的承受者，是被动关系）（不定式作状语） The shoes seem to have been repaired. （The shoes是不定式所表示的动作的承受者，是被动关系。注意本句的时态）（不定式作宾语） ;注意：1) 在It is / was + adj. + of / for +逻辑主语+不定式短语的结构中，介词for / of后的宾语即是???定式的逻辑主语；用of表示此结构中的形容词是针对做出不定式的行为的这个“人”加以评论；用for表示那形容词是对整个不定式所指的那件“事”加以评论。 ;2) 在部分形容词后接不定式，用主动形式表被动含义，这种句型的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。comfortable/easy/dangerous/difficult/expensive/impossible等;3) 有一类不定式短语不属于句中的任何人或事物，而是修饰全句。它的作用是说话者对他所说的话表示出心理上的态度等，称为独立的不定式短语 (Absolute Infinitive)，不用考虑主动还是被动。 e.g. To be frank