Introduction to World Trade the Int’l Monetary …：世界贸易和国际货币的介绍….ppt

? van Marrewijk, 2005 * * * * * * * Figure 1.2 Development of world population over the last 2500 years * Figure 1.3 Developments in world population: 2000-2050, UN projection * Figure 1.4 Gross domestic and gross national product; current $, 2000 * Figure 1.5 Correction of GDP per capita for purchasing power, 2000 * Figure 1.6 Development of world per capita income over the last 2000 years * Figure 1.7 Advantages and disadvantages of logarithmic graphs * Figure 1.8 Leaders and laggards in per capita GDP: a widening perspective * Figure 1.9 Carrying capacity of European merchant fleets in metric tons, 1470-1780 * Figure 1.10 Two waves of globalization * Figure 1.11 Trade and market integration * Figure 1.12 London external bond spread (14 core and empire bonds), 1870-1940 * Figure 1.13 Foreign capital stocks; assets / world GDP * Figure 1.14 Relative migration flows, Western Europe and Western Offshoots * Figure 1.15 Traditional and globalized fragmented production processes Introduction to Globalization What is Globalization in General? Hendrick van den Berg: A Process that expands international trade, investment, and migration relative to national output, investment, and population growth Thomas Friedman: The defining international system that replaced the Cold War World becoming smaller and faster Increasing irrelevance of national borders Flat world The Lexus and the Olive Tree Friedman’s 6 Dimensions (6 Ds) Politics Culture National Security Economic Financial Markets Technology Environmentalism 1. Political Changes Eastern Europe Berlin wall falls (November 9, 1989) Soviet Union breaks up NATO expands EU enlarges China Openness (FDI, technology transfer, education) Outsourcing of production Economic progress has shifted power toward citizens India Openness Outsourcing of services (English) Economic progress has shifted toward citizens in certain localities 2. Cultural Changes English spoken “everywhere” Internet allows current information to all Hard