2018年外研版高考专题复习英语课件:动名词(共17张PPT).ppt
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* 动 名 词 一、动名词的形式 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 二、功能及用法 1.动名词(短语)做主语,如: Writing the book has taken up all his spare time. Seeing is believing. 注①:动名词(短语)做主语还常用于下列结构: a.??It’s no use sending him over. It’s too late already. It’s no good talking a lot without doing anything. It’s a waste of time arguing about it. b. There’s no joking about such matters. There’s no saying what he’ll be doing next. There’s no telling what he’s going to do. 注②:动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别: 动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作,一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为,往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起,如: It’s no use crying over spilt milk. (抽象) He realized that to go on like this was no use. (具体) 在实际运用中,一般可以互换,差异不大。但在下列几种情况中不能互换: a. 当表语是动名词时,主语也要用动名词;当表语是不定式时,主语也要用不定式,如: Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. b. 动名词和不定式作主语,一般都可以使用形式主语it,而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中,一般宜用动名词,不宜用不定式来代替: It’s no use doing … It’s no good doing… It’s a waste of time doing … 例如: It’s no use going there today; he won’t be at home. It’s a waste of time arguing about it. It’s no good waiting here. Let’s walk home. 而在It’s important … / It’s necessary … / It’s advisable … / It’s essential … / It’s fitting … 这类句型中,只能用不定式,如: It’s important to learn foreign languages. It’s quite necessary to read it many times. 2.动名词(短语)作表语,如: Their job is building houses. His job is raising pigs. 注①:动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别: 动名词作表语时表示比较抽象的一般行为、习惯;不定式作表语时表示具体的某一次动作,特别是将来的动作,试比较: My favourite sport is swimming. The first thing for us to do is to improve our pronunciation. 注②:动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别: 动名词作表语时相当于名词,说明主语的含义及内容,它与主语是同等关系,主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义,但不可用副词来修饰。 现在分词作表语时相当于形容词,说明主语的特征、性质、状态等,主语与表语不可互换位置,但可用very, quite等副词来修饰,如: My job is looking after the children. Our duty is serving the people heart and soul. The situation is encouraging. This cake is very inviting. The volleyball match we watched wa
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