无机化学英语命名法.doc

Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds无机化合物的命名 （Prefix词头,前缀Suffix词尾,后缀Stem词根） 1.Trivial Names俗名 H2O water不说 dihydrogen oxide NH3 ammonia不说 nitrogen trihydride CaO quicklime CaCO3 limestone 希腊文前缀 Mon（o）一 di二 tri三 tetr（a）四 pent（a）五 hex（a）六 hepta七 octa八 nona九 2.Systematic Nomenclature系统命名 1)Oxide氧化物——先命名非氧元素 ZnO zinc oxide CaO calcium oxide CO carbon oxide Na2O2 sodium peroxide H2O2 hydrogen peroxide 注：peroxide过氧化物 2)Hydroxide氢氧化物（base碱） Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide KOH potassium hydroxide 3)Acid酸 Hydro acid氢酸General formula通式:HnX 命名：hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid(英) hydrosulphuric(美) 氢硫酸S:sulfur(英)、sulphur(美) HBr 氢溴酸hydrobromic acid Br: bromine HCl 氢氯酸(盐酸)hydrochloric acid Cl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸hydrofluoric acid F: fluorine Oxoacid or Oxyacid含氧酸General formula通式:HnXOm 命名：Stem of X + -ic acid 注：oxo- (oxy-) 含氧, 氧代 H2SO4 sulfuric acid(英) sulphuric acid(美) H2CO3 carbonic acid H3PO4 phosphoric acid P: phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B: boron HNO3 nitric acid N: nitrogen If X has two oxidation states： -ic：the higher oxidation state -ous：the lower oxidation state H2SO4 sulfuric acid H2SO3 sulfurous acid HNO3 nitric acid HNO2 nitrous acid If X (such as halogens) has more than two oxidation states： halogen卤素 per- (过，高) + -ic：the still higher oxidation state hypo- (次,在…下) + -ous：the still lower oxidation state HClO3 chloric acid HClO2 chlorous acid HClO4 perchloric acid HClO hypochlorous acid HIO hypoiodous acid 4)Salt盐 General formula通式:MnXm 命名：Name of M stem of X + -ide（-ide…化物） Oxide、chloride、nitride、hydride KI potassium iodide Al2S3 aluminum sulfide LiH lithium hydride Oxysalt含氧酸盐 Name the metal ion first and then the anion Naming anions: -ate anions derived from the -ic acid(the higher oxidation state of X) -ite anions derived from the -ous acid (