在美国海水淡化问题price.ppt

Desalination Issuesin the United States Outline Introduction to Desal Research Roadmap Current Activities Next Steps Available Information Primary Issues for Water Resources Growth of population and water demand Drought and decadal climate patterns Shifting and more complex demand Water supply (quantity quality) Environmental impacts Global climate change impacts Hierarchy of the Nation’s Water Solution Toolbox National Research Council on Technology and Water Supply “As scarcity continues to intensify, the search for new supplies can be enhanced by 1) the development of new supply-enhancing technology and 2) reducing the costs of some existing technologies.” Benefits of Desalination Increased supply from non-traditional sources Drought proofing Local control Regional redundancy, security High quality supply Reduced costs, improved technology Avoid competition for limited water sources (agricultural, urban, environmental) Water Resources May be Augmented by New Technology “The single most frequent failure in the history of forecasting has been grossly underestimating the impact of technologies” Potential Uses for Desalination Technologies Major Metropolitan Areas Industries Requiring Pure Water Rural and Native American Drinking Water Treatment of Produced Water from Coal Bed Methane Production With significantly lower costs - Agriculture Desalination Costs Water rental/purchase in NM $350/ac-ft MWD rate ca. $500/ac-ft Conservation $350 - 500/ac-ft Water Recycling $400 - 800/ac-ft Bottled Water (based on $1/liter) $1,200,000/ac-ft Worldwide Capacity of MSF and RO MSF in Saudi Arabia MSF Unit in Saudi Arabia Seawater RO in Spain Seawater RO in Tampa Bay, Florida Seawater RO in Tampa Bay, Florida Decline in Seawater Desalination CostsRepresents Evolution in Technology and Facility Size SWRO Improvements Improvement in Energy Consumption(SWRO) Water Production from Seawater per Unit Energy Opportunities to Further Red