托福培训丨托福阅读备考——认知词汇.doc

托福培训丨托福阅读备考——认知词汇 朗阁海外考试研究中心 王上 考点词就是会有同义词的词，以动词和形容词为解释完之后，下面来讲述什么叫认知词汇认知两个字其实很好懂，意思就是这些词不要背诵，不需要知道读音，不需要知道拼写，看到它们大概知道意思就好了，甚至有时候知不知道意思都没那么重要。笔者来举个例子：【Paragraph 5】The third type of symbiosis, mutualism, benefits both partners in the relationship Legume plants and their nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and the interactions between flowering plants and their pollinators, are examples of mutualistic association. In the first case, the plants provide the bacteria with carbohydrates and other organic compounds, and the bacteria have enzymes that act as catalysts that eventually add nitrogen to the soil, enriching it. In the second case, pollinators (insects, birds) obtain food from the flowering plant, and the plant has its pollen distributed and seeds dispersed much more efficiently than they would be if they were carried by the wind only. 8. According to paragraph 5, the relationship between legumes and bacteria benefits the soil by ○ adding enriching carbohydrates ○ speeding the decay of organic matter ○ destroying enzymes that pollute it ○ contributing nitrogen to it 这是TPO 17 Symbiotic Relationship的一道事实信息题，很多学生看到这篇文章的大标题就已经开始措手不及了，因为symbiotic是生词，完全不知道讲的是什么关系，其实不用怕，考试的时候要有这样的自信，你不认识的词80%的考生也不认识，所以文章一定会对这个词进行下定义，解释说明，或是举例例证。A symbiotic relationship is an interaction between two or more species in which one species lives in or on another species. 文章第一段第一句就是个下定义的句子A is....; 所以symbiotic relationship是共生关系，两个或两个以上的物种的互动，其中一个物种生活在另一个物种的体内，或是靠另一个物种而活。紧接着，我们通过题干的legume and bacteria benefit soil定位，发现它在第五段的第二句话，毋庸置疑，这句话确实出现了很多生词，很长，很陌生，但是这些都无需认识。 朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家带领大家阅读这个句子，我们可以跳过所有生词，仍然能把这道题解出来。he plants provide the bacteria with carbohydrates and other organic compounds, and the bacteria have enzymes that act as catalysts that eventually add nitrogen to the soil, enriching it. 植物给bacteria提供了carbonhydrates和other organic compounds并且bacteria有enzymes它作为catalysts最终给土壤添加了nitrogen使得土壤肥沃。所以获利就是给土壤添加nitrogen让土壤肥沃，答案是D。D选项中的nitrogen居然是原文原词，然后我们再来查查字典，那些我们刚刚在做题时不认识的单词。ateria是细菌；carbonhydrates碳水化合物