湖北工程学院专业英语--甘书宽.doc

New words and phrases 1.predominate 居支配地位的，统治，（数量上）占优势 2.geotechnical 岩土工程的 3.specification 载明，详述，技术要求，说明书，清单 4.supervise 监督，管理，控制 5.subcontractor转包合同，转包工作（给第三者），承包（转包的工作） 6.hurricane 飓风，（感情等的）爆发 7.asphalt 沥青，铺沥青于 8.aluminum 铝 9.runoff 雨量，流量 10.lock 水闸，闸门 11.fill 充足，饱满，装填物，填方 12.scrubber 洗涤器，涤气器 13.incineration 烧尽，焚化 14.toxic 有毒的，中毒的 15.combustible 易燃的，可燃的，易激动的 16.ramp 斜坡，斜面 17.excavate 挖掘，发掘 18.precisely 精确的，刻板的，正好，确实如此 19.aerial 空气的，大气的，航空的，架空的 20.sonic 声音的，音速的，利用音波的 21.plotting 测绘，标图，标航路 22.municipal 市政的，市立的，地方自治的 23.commission 委任，委托，委员会 24.drainage system 排水系统 Civil engineering, the oldest of the engineering specialties, is the planning, design, construction, and management of the built environment. This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles, from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities. Civil engineers build roads, bridges, tunnels, dams, harbors, power plants, water and sewage systems, hospitals, schools, mass transit, and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations. They also build privately owned facilities such as airports, railroads, pipelines, skyscrapers, and other large structures designed for industrial, commercial, or residential use. In addition, civil engineers plan, design , and build complete cities and towns, and more recently have been planning and designing space platforms to house self-contained communities. The word civil derives from the Latin for citizen. In 1782, Englishman John Smeaton used the term to differentiate his nonmilitary engineering work from that of the military engineers who predominated at the time. since then, the term civil engineering has often been used to refer to engineers who build public facilities, although the field is much broader. Scope. Because it is s