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高考英语语法专题精讲精练主谓一致.doc

发布:2017-06-05约4.42千字共3页下载文档
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语法专题九:主谓一致 主谓一致:即句中谓语动词的数必须与主语的人称和数取得一致。常见规则: 1. 谓动常用单数形式的情况,主语为: 1) 不可数名词、可数名词的单数形式; 2) 动词不定式、动名词、单个主从; 3) 书名、剧名、国名、组织机构等的复数名词; 4) 表示时间、距离、价格、度量等的复数名词作为整体; 5) 以ics结尾的学科名词:politics, physics, mathematics, economics(经济学), statistics等; 6) 用and连接两个单数名词,且被each, every, no, many a修饰, 如:every boy and every girl; 7) 由and连接两个名词,且属同一概念时; 8) 两个单数名词由and连接,前只有一个冠词,表示“兼”; 9) one of…, one in / out of…, more than one;the number of +复数名词; 10) 当定从的先行词为the (only) one of…; 11) 在强调句It is / was …that / who…中; 12) one and a half 后面接复数名词,谓语动词常用单数。 2. 谓动常用复数形式的情况,主语为: 1) 复数名词;由and或both…and…连接两个名词 2) cattle, the police, people等 3) the + 形容词 / 分词,代表一类人或物 4) A number of…, numbers of… 5) Quantities of / Amounts of… 3. 谓动须根据主语具体情况而定: 1) all, most, some, half, part, rest, a lot of, plenty of, a quantity of, 百分比、分数等:指代可数名词,谓动用复数;指代不可数名词,则用单数。 2) 表示集体名称的名词audience, company(伙), band, crowd, club, class, group, family, public, team, population, party等:强调整体,谓词用单数;如指具体成员,则用复数。 3) 单、复同形的名词,如sheep, fish, deer, means等,则根据其具体数而定。如:当every/a means作主语时,谓语动词用单数,而all means作主语时,谓语动词则用复数。 4) 在“先行词+定从”结构中,在从句中作主语,定从谓动在人称、数上与先行词保持一致。 5) 由what引导主从,谓动一般用单数,但若表语为复数形式,则谓动用复数。 6) 由a kind of, this kind of, many kinds of ,或名词+ of this kind 等以及与kind 意思相近的type , sort 等构成的类似短语作主语时,谓语动词与of 前的名词保持一致。 4. 就近原则:即谓动由靠近它的名词决定其单复数。主要用于下列结构中: There / Here / Such + v. + n. Not…but…; Not only…but also… or; Either…or…; Neither…nor… 5. 就远原则:当along with, as well as, rather than, but, except, besides, with, together with, like, including, in addition to等连接两个名词时,谓动由前面的名词决定其单复数。 巩固练习 1. No one in the department but Tom and I ______that the director is going to resign. A. knows B. know C. have knows D. am to know 2. One thousand dollars ______ a lot of money. A. are B. is C. were D. was 3. In our country, every boy and every girl the equal right to go to school. A. has B. have C. is D. are 4. When and where to build the new factory yet. A. have not been decided B. is not decided C. are n
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