11地理（11 the geographical）.doc

11地理（11 the geographical） Article 11 Geographic article The first chapter Atmospheric and wind The first section Atmospheric structure and global monsoon I. atmosphere and its structure The atmosphere is called the atmosphere, and the earth is surrounded by a thick atmosphere. The atmosphere is about 1000 km thick and there is no obvious limit. The whole atmosphere is characterized by different characteristics of the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, warm layer and dissipation layer, and above is interstellar space. (1) structure and characteristics of each layer The troposphere, the lowest layer of the atmosphere, is about 10 to 20 kilometers thick. Characteristics: the atmosphere of the troposphere is greatly affected by the earth. Clouds, fog, rain and other phenomena occur in this layer. Tropospheric temperature decreased with increasing of height, rising roughly every 1000 meters, about 6 ℃ temperature drop. Humans live at the bottom of the troposphere. Stratospheric - the troposphere top to 50 km to 55 km. Features: the atmosphere of the stratosphere flows smoothly, with little water vapor and dust, and high transparency. The plane flies on this level. Under 30 km is the stratosphere, the temperature at about 55 ℃. Mesosphere - the stratosphere tops 85 km. Features: temperature decreases rapidly with height, and the vertical convection of air is strong. Warm layer - the middle layer tops 500 km. Feature: when the sun is shining, the suns uv rays are absorbed by the oxygen atoms in the layer, so the temperature rises, so it is called the warm layer. The dissipation layer, above the heating layer, is composed of charged particles. In the second quarter Typhoons and hurricanes Conditions of the typhoon In ocean temperature more than 26 ℃ above tropical or subtropical ocean, due to the recent ocean temperature is high, a large number of air inflation to rise, make close to ocean air pressure is reduced, the periphery rising continuously added into air. The in