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不同颜色地膜覆盖对马铃薯生长发育及产量影响试验研究.doc

发布:2018-12-21约7.21千字共8页下载文档
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不同颜色地膜覆盖对马铃薯生长发育及产量影响试验研究 摘要:以普通白色地膜,黑白地膜,全黑地膜和紫花白马铃薯为试验材料,对不同颜色地膜覆盖条件下马铃薯各生育期农艺性状表现、膜下地温变化以及最终产量差异进行研究,目的是为有色地膜在马铃薯栽培中的推广应用提供理论依据,进一步完善商洛乃至陕南地区马铃薯高产栽培技术研究内容。结果表明:无论是在低热区还是在中温区,马铃薯现蕾期以前,普通白膜覆盖的各生育期提前、膜下10cm地温较高,特别是在播种较早的低热区这些差异更为明显,但在马铃薯生长后期,随着外界温度的升高,这些差异逐渐缩小;在最终产量表现上,普通白膜覆盖的亩产2285.77kg,黑白地膜覆盖的亩产1911.00kg,全黑地膜覆盖的仅有1419.06kg,且三种产量差异达到了极显著水平。因此,在马铃薯大田生产中,还应以普通白膜覆盖为主,在一些播种迟、温度较高、杂草较多的区域,可适当推广黑白地膜和全黑地膜。 关键词:有色地膜; 马铃薯; 覆盖; 试验 Different colors of plastic film mulching on the growth and development of Potato Yield and experimental studies on the effect of Abstract: Based on the study of?ground temperature,?black and white?film?ordinary white,?all black?film mulching?conditions?of potato?in different growth period of?agronomic?traits,?and the final yield?differences?under film?shows that:?whether in?low heat?area or?in the?warm area,before?the potato?bud stage,?the ordinary white?cover?advanced growth stages,?under film?10cmtemperature,?especially in the?sowing?earlier?low thermal?regions of these?differences?is more obvious,?but?in the late growth stage of?potato,?with environmental temperature rising,these differences?gradually decreased;?in the final?yield performance,?the ordinary white?cover2285.77kg per mu,?black and white?film mulching?of per mu yield?1911.00kg,?only 1419.06kg ofall black?plastic mulch.?And the three kinds of?yield?difference reached?extremely significant level.?Therefore,?in the?potato field?production,?also?be?to?ordinary white?cover?mainly?in somesowing?late,?high temperature,?weeds?more regions,?may be appropriate to?promote?black and white?film and?all black?film. Keywords:coloured plastic film; potato;?mulching;?test 近年来,为了进一步提高马铃薯产量,提早马铃薯收获时间,最大限度增加马铃薯种植效益,地膜马铃薯的种植面积和推广范围迅速扩大,白色地膜被普遍应用到马铃薯生产之中,但是白色地膜膜下温度变化剧烈,在马铃薯生产前期,早晚膜下温度低,晴天的中午膜下温度又过高(刘翆英,2001;孙颜明等,2011),在出苗期容易发生烧芽、烧苗现象,特别是在薯块膨大期,膜下温度过高对马铃薯块茎膨大极为不利(陆立根,2006;张国君,2007;张维国,2013),对马铃薯产量影响较大。而马铃薯是商洛乃至整个秦巴山区主要的粮菜兼用作物,对增加当地农民经济收入和保障粮食安全发挥着重要作用(魏延安,2005),但白色地膜的这些缺点对该种植区域(该区域马铃薯生长期为3月上旬-6月中下旬)马铃薯的产
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