石油勘探技术基础知识.ppt

科技进步引发世界石油产量跨越式增长 Acquisition Acquisition What Logging gives us “Qualitatively” Continuous measurements vs. depth of various log responses which we can transform into useful reservoir parameters. Highlights the more porous permeable reservoir units their thickness. Allows educated guesses about what fluids are contained in the reservoir. Quick Look Lithology from Porosity Log Responses Application of Cut-offs Porosity and shale act as proxies for permeability. Intervals with Vsh 0.5 (black) and ? 0.15 (red) are considered permeable qualify as net pay. Net pay has the additional requirement that Sw 0.5. This excludes intervals where adverse mobility ratio prevents hydrocarbon flow in transition zones. Alternatively consider it another permeability indicator. “Low perm rock doesn’t accept much hydrocarbon.” Average Sw depends on Height Above OWC Point Pressure Measurements Vertical Flow Barriers PERFORATING !!! Thru-tubing Gun 矿场测试示意图 现实： Log-Log 诊断曲线特征 现实：现代试井分析功能 储层参数计算 均质模型 k S P* C 双重介质模型 k1 S P* C ω λ 复合介质模型 k1 k2 S C ω λ 其它…… 探边---有效控制区域 表皮分解---地层损害分析 St=SD+Sθ+Sp+Sg+So 可采储量计算(拟稳态) 地质统计---参数分布 k(r) 产能预测 增产措施优选和评价 井间连通性(多井试井) 储层预测 固定组分相态与油藏分类 油气藏烃类流体分类 1 沥青类（4oAPI10） Rsi≈0, Bo ≈1, 1000000uo5000cP 重油（10oAPI20） Rsi50, 1Bo 1.1, 5000uo100cP 低收缩油（20oAPI30）——“黑”油 50Rsi500, 1.1Bo 1.5, 100uo2~3cP 高收缩油（30oAPI50）——挥发 500Rsi2000, 1.5Bo 2.5~3.5, 2~3uo0.25cP 凝析气（50oAPI70） 2000~6000Rsi15000, Bo（空）, uo ≈ 0.25cP 湿气（oAPI60） 15000Rsi100000, Bo（空）, uo ≈ 0.25cP 干气 Lets us “eyeball” well to well log correlation of formations to provide an a real picture of the reservoir Baker Hughes 2003 3m 桥90井组合图 Good Comparison of LWD and Wireline Gamma Ray LWD Raw LWD Fixed DOI Wireline Baker Hughes 2003 Skelt 2003 owc owc Flank well High average Sw Crestal well Low average Sw Vertical hydrocarbon distribution can be mapped using a saturation height function derived from log analysis results and capillary pressures Skelt 2003 Schlumber