助人行为的理论（The theory of helping behavior）.doc

助人行为的理论（The theory of helping behavior） Why do people show help? What is the psychological mechanism that happens? To answer these questions, different school psychologists have different theories. In general, there are five theoretical forms in the history of psychology, such as instinct theory, social exchange theory, fairness theory, social norm theory and moral development. I. instinct theory Biologists Wilson (E.W ilson) in the 1975 book his book sociobiology: the new comprehensive claim to helping behavior is genetically determined, it is derived by genetic, is human nature, human instinctive behavior is not to learn. Wilson studied the altruistic behavior of large Numbers of animals, believing that altruistic behavior in animals is an instinct to sacrifice self-sacrifice for the survival of other individuals and groups. He observed that in the face of dangerous termites defending nests against invaders, they could give their lives to protect the lives of other termites. In an emergency situation, the dominant male baboons standing in a group is the most conspicuous place, prepare to invaders, when group safety evacuation, the dominant male baboons and last to evacuate. Almost all animals have such altruistic behavior, and in order to help their own kind out of danger, they sacrifice their own lives. This behavior is clearly not intended, nor is it expected to be reciprocated, clearly beneficial to other altruistic ACTS of the same kind. He compared the altruistic behavior of the animal and human after helping behavior, draw the conclusion: further helping behavior is determined by the instinct of human, is a kind of genetic genes passed down through the human instinct. Helping behavior is beneficial to the continuation of human as a kind of system and development of instinct theory to explain the person helping behavior provides a visual Angle, but it is also has some defects: animals are unaware, they sacrifice their preservation similar altruistic behavior