成人学位英语英译汉答题方法慎用时态及语态.doc

2015成人学位英语英译汉答题方法-慎用时态及语态 一、重视语态，选择合适语态 学位英语考试翻译要注意语态的选择，是用主动语态还是用被动语态，同句子本身决定。主动语态比较好确定，一般在汉语句子中都很明确，主语放在谓语之前。而被动语态就相对要复杂一此，在汉语句子中主语（动作的发出者、施行者、主体）一般要么不出现，要么用“被”、“由”等来引导，而且通常由宾语（动作的接受者、施受者、受体）充当句子主语。 二、慎用时态，选用恰当时态 如何确定句子的时态是成人大学生在做成人英语三级汉译英题时经常遇到的难题。而时态选用错了，翻译出来的句子意思就会走样。要解决好这个问题，要求学生对和各种常见的主要时态的用法十分熟悉；尤其是对几种容易混淆的时态能加以区别，如一般过去时与现在完成时；一般过去时与过去完成时等。具体来说，可从以下几个方面考虑： （1）据汉语句子中的时间状语确定英语译文的时态。 （2）根据汉语中的某些副词或助词来确定英语译文的时态。 （3）根据时态呼应关系，从整个句子意思来考虑选用时态。在复杂的英文句子中（包括有多个动作的句子），要注意时态的一致性。在一个英文句子或短文中首先要确定一个临界时态，然后根据这个临界时态来考虑别的动作的发生时间与临界时态的关系。 翻译强化练习 （1）The study of the brain is one of the last frontiers of human knowledge and of much more immediate importance than understanding the infinity of space or the mystery of the atom. （2）The beauty of lasers is that they can do machining without ever physically touching the material. （3）February 1995 will see the signing of the memorandum of understanding. （4）Air travel has become faster and faster, but sometimes there is a need for traveling slowly and even for stopping in mid air. （5）We cannot be too careful in doing experiments. （6）It is impossible to overestimate the value of the invention. （7）The importance of the project can hardly be exaggerated. （8）is the last country to invent radar, but. （9）The problem is beyond the reach of my understanding. （10）The Theory of Relativity worked out by Einstein is now above many peoples comprehension. （11）Whatever he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression. （12）It is important that science and technology be pushed forward as quickly as possible. （13）This is not only because the tablecloths are good in quality and beautiful in design, but also because they are hand-made. （14）This is a college of science and technology, the students of which are trained to be engineers or scientists. （15）Scientists are trying to imitate some of capabilities of the human brain, which will be able to lead to the construction of an entirely new electronic computer. （16）In our fa