cumulative risk assessment an overview of methodological approaches for evaluating combined health effects from exposure to multiple environmental stressors累计风险评估方法论结合健康影响评价的概述从接触到多个环境压力.pdf

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2012, 9, 370-390; doi:10.3390/ijerph9020370 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ISSN 1660-4601 /journal/ijerph Review Cumulative Risk Assessment: An Overview of Methodological Approaches for Evaluating Combined Health Effects from Exposure to Multiple Environmental Stressors Ken Sexton Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, School of Public Health, Brownsville Regional Campus, 80 Fort Brown, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA; E-Mail: ken.sexton@; Tel.: +1-956-882-5164; Fax: +1-956-943-5152 Received: 5 January 2012; in revised form: 23 January 2012 / Accepted: 23 January 2012 / Published: 26 January 2012 Abstract: Systematic evaluation of cumulative health risks from the combined effects of multiple environmental stressors is becoming a vital component of risk-based decisions aimed at protecting human populations and communities. This article briefly examines the historical development of cumulative risk assessment as an analytical tool, and discusses current approaches for evaluating cumulative health effects from exposure to both chemical mixtures and combinations of chemical and nonchemical stressors. A comparison of stressor-based and effects-based assessment