外交学概论(双语).doc

The ministry of foreign affairs The origins and development of foreign affairs Different titles in different countries Department of Foreign Affairs Department of States Foreign Office Functions of the ministry of foreign affairs 1) Representative as a whole 2) Connection between diplomatic decision-making departments and resident institutions 3)Policy recommendation and implementation The embassy The course of establishing an embassy The appointment of an ambassador The core Functions of the embassy Representing Protecting Negotiating Ascertaining Promoting The composition and size of embassy composition with ambassador as centre 1) Ambassador (minister ) 2) Counselor (political /commercial/cultural) (charge d’ affaires ) 3) Foreign secretary(3) 4) Diplomatic attache (attendant) /military attache 5) Diplomatic agents’ spouses administrative and technical staff Size: from 1 to 100 agents The diplomatic corps Diplomatic permanent mission to international organizations The core Functions Representing Clarifying Ascertaining Conducting multilateral diplomacy The Consulate The consular system was a product of international commercial relations and was non-political in origin In mid-nineteenth century, consular relations have become a part of official relations between states. “combining two into one” Functions 1.protecting the interests of the sending state and its nationals ,especially their life and property from illegal attacks. 2.furthering the development of relations , especially non-political relations as commerce, economy, culture, science and technology 3. ascertaining conditions and developments in the non-political life, and reporting to the sending state 4. handing administrative matters relating to passports, visas, notarization, authentication and civil register; 5. rendering assistance, including judiciary a