如何做好完型如何做好完型.doc

如何做好完形填空 霍山中学 汪迅 一、完形填空题的一锤定音 完形填空题是考查考生是否具有查漏补缺的阅读能力、词汇的综合运用能力和运用跳读形式获得篇章理解的能力。该题型的呈现形式是选用一篇含20个空格的短文，短文长度为200～250个词左右，每个空格提供四个选项，要求考生从中选出能填入空白处的最佳答案，使短文得以恢复本来面貌，以求得文章意思连贯通顺，结构严密完整。之所以说它一锤定音，是因为广大考生在心理上惧怕它，在实际填空当中往往不能综合分析，失分较多，严重影响了外语学科的总成绩，它可能是考生最发怵的题目。 二、完形填空题的两大特点： 1、一般特点：难度相对较大；综合性强；整体性强 2、具体特点： ①文体特点：短文题材常为故事性的记叙文体，或边议边叙，近年来，说明文、议论文占一定比重。 ②内容特点：短文内容连贯性、整体性和逻辑性强，结构严谨，情节生动有趣； ③结构特点：段与段之间的逻辑顺序，句子与段落之间的联系。句与句之间的衔接和词语的搭配或隐或现的表露出来； ④设空特点：选项的设置以意思为主，语法（填空）少，单词填空为主，词组或短语填空为辅。完形填空的设空中，动词和名词要唱主角，占主导地位。一般说来，动词要设6～10个，名词设3～6个，另外才是形容词、副词、代词、连词或介词等。 三、完形填空题的三类常考文体： 1、记叙文：被选作完形填空的短文，有一半以上为记叙文，所以，掌握记叙文的写作特点，会有助于考生快速而准确地破解完形填空。 ①记叙文一般都有较为完整的六个要素，即时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果。这六个要素是记叙文的基本组成部分，一般不能缺少。弄清了这六个要素，基本上就理解了整篇文章。 ②记叙文往往是按时间先后顺序来安排情节和内容，但有时为了突出某个情节或为了增加阅读气氛，或为了其他目的，作者可能会采取插叙、甚至倒叙的写作手法。 ③作者记叙一件事情不是就事论事，而是通过记叙阐述一个道理。因此，了解作者的写作目的，对抓住文章的主题尤为重要。 ④记叙文展开记叙的视角有两个：第一人称和第三人称。用第一人称就是从“参与者”的角度进行叙说，考生可从字里行间感受到作者亲切的态度和深厚的感情。用第三人称就是用“观察者”的身份展开叙说，作者的语气客观，与考生保持一定的距离，考生的注意力更多地集中在故事本身。了解作者的写作角度有助于考生深入理解文章的含义。 附记叙文一篇： I once spoke at a middle sch001．When the 1 was over, the headmaster asked me if I would pay a visit to a special student．An illness had kept the boy home，but he had 2 an interest in．meeting me，and the headmaster knew it would 3 a great deal to him．I agreed． He was Matthew．When he Was born, the doctor told his parents that he 4 live long. He Was 13 and from what I was told，a real 5 ． He wanted to meet me because．I was a gold-medal powerlifter(举重运动员), 6 I knew about overcoming difficulties and going fordreams． I spent over an hour talking to Matthew． 7 did he complain．He spoke, about winning and succeeding and going for his dreams. Obviously, he knew what he Was talking about．He talked about his 8 for the future，and how one day he wanted to lift weights with me． After our talking，I 9 the first gold medal I won for powerlifting and putting it around his neck．I told him he was more of a winner and knew more about 10 and over