新托福鉴：如何增加口语连贯性.doc

新托福六鉴：如何增加口语连贯性 　　“连贯性”是新托福口语评分标准中的一个非常重要的因素，它指的是口语答案中信息点之间的衔接是否自然流畅。以下是一些可以帮助考生增强口语回答连贯性的六条指导原则： 　　1. 运用总分总的结构 　　Your listeners will understand your talk better if you organize what you say in a logical sequence or linear pattern. This means that you tell the listeners what you are going to talk about and then go through the points you want to make. The most common pattern of organization is outlined below: 　　Introductory statement 　　Point 1 　　Point 2 　　Point 3 　　Concluding statement 　　An example of this pattern is shown below: 　　Breeding butterflies has many advantages for the collector. 　　1.??????? way of obtaining specimens 　　2.??????? spares can be released into the wild 　　3.??????? helps survival because butterflies have been protected from natural predators 　　The experience is a learning experience for the collector and a benefit to the species. 　　2. 运用连接词 　　Connecting ideas by using transition words and phrases tells your listeners the relationship of one idea to the next. You can signal to your listener that you are going to put events in a sequence, add information, or make a comparison. You can signal that you want to emphasize or clarify a point. Using transition words and phrases helps your listener follow the flow of your ideas. Read the following example without transitional expressions: ? 　　In my physics class, we did lots of experiments that helped clarify scientific principles. I understood those principles better by doing those experiments. 　　These sentences would flow better if the speaker used transitional expressions as in the following example: 　　In my physics class, we did lots of experiments that helped clarify scientific principles. As a result, I understood those principles better. 　　3. 解释或定义陌生概念 　　In order to help your listeners understand, you may need to define a term that you use in your response. Read the following example: 　　My hobby is telemark skiing. 　　If the speaker does not define the term and listeners do not know what telemar