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英语网考B语法结构英语网考B语法结构.doc

发布:2017-01-04约字共179页下载文档
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第部分Lucy is an American girl . We study in No.1 Middle School . 谓 语 说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)用动词。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致 We love China . She is singing . Mike hopes to be a doctor . His parents are farmers . 表 语 说明主语是什么或者怎么样,由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当,和连系动词一起构成谓语。 Her aunt is a driver . Are you ready ? We were at home last night . 句子成分 意 义 例 句 宾 语 表示动词、行为的对象,由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当,和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。 He often helps me . We study English at school. Did you see him yesterday ? 定 语 用来修饰名词或代词。作定语的除形容词外,还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。 The black bike is mine. What’s your name, please ? We have four lessons in the morning ? 状 语 用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义,通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等来表示。 People are all working hard. It is very nice. We had a meeting this afternoon . 宾语补足语 英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。这类词有:make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let等。 He made me very angry. I find him a good boy . 句子的种类 1.英语中按使用目的或功用分为四类:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。 A.陈述句 陈述句说明一个事实或陈述一个人的看法。陈述句分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句两种。 a.陈述句的肯定式。I have already posted the photos. / They are students. / I must go now . / He was reading a book at 8:00 last night. b.陈述句的否定形式。 (1)谓语动词是系动词be, 助动词have, will, shall, be或情态动词,只须在其后面加not构成否定句。 She isn’t a student . / He hasn’t been to the Great Wall . / I can not swim . / You will not go there tomorrow. / They aren’t sleeping . (2)若谓语动词是实义动词,在实义动词前加上do not,第三人称单数现在时用does not,过去时用did not。 He didn’t send me an invitation . (3)由具有否定含义的词never, nobody, hardly, little, dislike, seldom, few, too…to等构成的否定句。 Not all the books in our school library can be renewed . B. 疑问句。 疑问句提出问题。英语中有四种疑问句:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。 a.一般疑问句:以一个助动词、情态动词、动词be或have开始,语调为升调,通常要求以yes或no回答的疑问句。 (1)一般疑问句的基本结构: Be动词(is, am, are, was, were)+主语+表语…? Have动词(表示“有”:have, has, had)+主语+宾语…? 情态动词(can, may, must等)+主语+行为动词或be…? 助动词(do, does, did)+主语+行为动词…? 助动词(shall, will, have, has)+主语+行为动词…? (2)否定形式的疑
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