转换生成语法：约束理论和反约束理论.ppt

C-command domain John said Mary criticized him. John criticized him. John criticized himself. It seems that the pronoun can not be in a close position to the anticedent. d. He said that Mary criticized John. e. After he entered the room, John sat down. f. His boss criticized John. Compared with d, the pronouns in e and f both has a co-reference with their antecedent. And the relation between a pronoun and its antecedent is C-command. BINDING AND BINDING THEORY BINDING THEORY Binding theory deals with the distribution of DPs as determined by their referential properties in combination. Case theory deals with the distribution of DPs as determined by their case properties. THREE DIFFERENT CLASSES OF OVERT DPS DPs Anaphors Pronouns R-expression Reffering DPs Names Reciprocals Reflexives The referential properties of DPs can be assumed to be encoded in them in terms of referential features. anaphors [+a, -p] pronouns [-a, +p] R-expression [-a, -p] Null-DPs [+a, +p] Antecedent The notion antecedent is temporarily defined above as the category which bears the same index as an anaphor or a pronoun. This condition is met by the coach in relation to the anaphor himself in the following examples, and yet the coach cannot serve as a legitimate antecedent for the anaphor in the examples given below : 1a. * The coach’s assistants blame himself. 1b. * [DP the coach’si [D’ D [ NP assistants ]]] blame himselfi Antecedent The antecedent of an anaphor or a pronoun must Bear the same index as the anaphor or pronoun C-command the anaphor or pronoun Both conditions of the principles given above are met by the DP the coach’s assistant in (2) 2a. The coach’s assistants blame themselves 2b. IP Spec I’ Spec DP1 D’ DP2 NP D I V’ VP DP V The coach’s assistants blame themselves Co-reference The distinction between co-reference and binding is : The combination of co-indexation and c-command results in a relationshi