主谓一致与数词.ppt

新课标高考总复习·英语(配外研版) 主谓一致，是指主语和谓语动词要保持人称和数上的一致。主谓一致涉及三个基本原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。主谓一致涉及的情况比较繁多，考点也比较分散。可从两个方面来把握： 1．根据语法一致和就近一致的原则准确辨识作主语的中心词； 主谓一致 原则 主语 谓语 典句示例 语法 一致 原则 单数 单数 Mary is a student. 复数 复数 Mary and Kelly are alike. 就近一致原则 由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等连接 与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致 Neither you nor I am fit for the work. Are neither you nor I fit for the work？ 由there，here引起的主语不止一个时 和最邻近的主语保持一致 There is a lake and some hills around it. 原则 主语 谓语 典句示例 意义一致原则 由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念 单数 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. Bread and butter is sold in that shop. no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a/more than one＋单数名词 Many a student has been to Beijing. Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. More than one person was killed in the accident. one/every one/each/either/the number＋of＋复数名词 Each of the students has a book. 原则 主语 谓语 典句示例 意义一致原则 clothing，furniture，traffic，jewellery，baggage，equipment，luggage等无生命的集体名词 单数 Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area. 以-s结尾的表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称的词。如：news，maths，politics，physics等 Physics is one of my favourite subjects. 表示时间、重量、距离、价格、金钱、体积等复数名词表达一个整体概念 Ten kilometres is a good distance. Three weeks is a long time to wait for an answer. Twenty years has passed since we left school. 由every-，any-，some-，no-和-one，-thing，-body等所构成的不定代词 Is everybody here today？ 原则 主语 谓语 典句示例 意义一致原则 动词-ing形式、动词不定式和名词性从句 复数 Persuading him to join us seems really hard. Whatever was left was taken away. 由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念 Both walking and riding are good exercises. people，police，cattle等有生命的集体名词 People read for pleasure during their spare time. 一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词，如goods，stairs，arms等 The goods are sold out. 山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以-s结尾的专有名词 The Olympic Games are held once every four years. 原则 主语 谓语 典句示例 意义一致原则 a number of/quantities of/a group of/one or two＋名词 复数 A number of the other plants were found in America. “the＋形容词”作主语，如果指一类人，谓语动词用复数。如果指抽象概念则用单数 The rich are not always