survey mode effects on valuation of environmental goods调查方式对环保产品的估值的影响.pdf

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011, 8, 1222-1243; doi:10.3390/ijerph804 1222 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ISSN 1660-4601 /journal/ijerph Article Survey Mode Effects on Valuation of Environmental Goods Jason Bell 1, Joel Huber 1 and W. Kip Viscusi 2,* 1 Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; E-Mails: jbb@ (J.B.), jch8@ (J.H.) 2 Vanderbilt Law School, Vanderbilt University, 131 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37203, USA * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: kip.viscusi@; Tel.: +1-615-343-6835; Fax: +1-615-322-5953. Received: 10 March 2011; in revised form: 12 April 2011 / Accepted: 13 April 2011 / Published: 18 April 2011 Abstract: This article evaluates the effect of the choice of survey recruitment mode on the value of water quality in lakes, rivers, and streams. Four different modes are compared: bringing respondents to one central location after phone recruitment, mall intercepts in two states, national phone-mail survey, and an Internet survey with a national, probability-based panel. The modes differ in terms of the representativeness of the samples, non-response rates, sample selection effects, and consistency of responses. The article also shows that the estimated value of water quality can differ substan