外文翻译------城市意象.doc

外文文献翻译（译成中文1000字左右）： 【主要阅读文献不少于5篇，译文后附注文献信息，包括：作者、书名（或论文题目）、出 版 社（或刊物名称）、出版时间（或刊号）、页码。提供所译外文资料附件（印刷类含封面、封底、目录、翻译部分的复印件等，网站类的请附网址及原文】 The Image of the City Structure and identity An environmental image may be analyzed into three components: identity,structure,and meaning.It is useful to abstract these for analysis,if it is remembered that in reality first the identification of an object,which implies its distinction from other things,its recognition as a separable entity.This is called identity,not in the sense of equality with something else,but with the meaning of individuality or oneness.Second,the image must include the spatial or pattern relation of the object to the observer and to other objects.Finally,this object must have some meaning for the observer,whether practical or emotional.Meaning is also a relation,but quite a different one from spatial or pattern relation. Thus an image useful for making an exit requires the recognition of a door as a distinct entity,of its spatial relation to the observer,and its meaning as a hole for getting out.These are not truly separable.The visual recognition of a door is matted together with its meaning as a door.It is possible,however,to analyze the door in terms of its identity of form and clarity of position,considered as if they were prior to its meaning. Such an analytic feat might be pointless in the study of a door,but not in the study of the urban environment.To begin with,the question of meaning in the city is a complicated one.Group images of meaning are less likely to be consistent at this level than are the perceptions of entity and relationship.Meaning,moreover,is not so easily influenced by physical manipulation as are these other two components.If it is our purpose to build cities for the enjoyment of vast numbers of people of widely diverse background and cities which will also be adaptable to future purposes we may even be wise to allow meaning to develop wi