页岩气开发水力压裂技术综述.doc

页岩气开发水力压裂技术综述 ：世界页岩气资源丰富，但由于页岩地层渗透率很低，目前还没有得到广泛开发。水力压裂技术是页岩气开发的核心技术之一，广泛用于页岩储层改造。介绍了水力压裂作业的压裂设计、裂缝监测、压裂液配制和添加剂选择，以及常用的压裂技术，包括多级压裂、清水压裂、同步压裂、水力喷射压裂和重复压裂，结合国外页岩气开发的实例以及国内压裂技术应用情况，分析了各种压裂技术的适用性。研究认为，清水压裂是现阶段我国页岩气开发储层改造的适用技术，对于开采长度（厚度）大的页岩气井，可以使用多级分段清水压裂压裂。同步压裂技术是规模化的页岩气开发的客观需要。关键词：页岩气；开发技术；水力压裂；工艺技术；清水压裂? The Summary of Hydraulic Fracturing Technology in Shale Gas DevelopmentTANG Ying, TANG Xuan, WANG Guan-yuan,ZHANG QinThe Key Laboratory of Marine Reservoir Evolution and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism, Ministry of Education,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China Abstract: Shale gas resource in the world is rich, but it hasn’t been developed at so far because of extremely low permeability . Hydraulic fracturing technology, as one of the core technologies in shale gas development, is currently widely used in shale reservoirs reconstruction to increase production. This paper introduces Hydraulic fracturing operation including fracturing design, fracture monitoring, fracturing fluids preparation and additives option, as well as fracturing technology including Multi-Stage Fracturing, Water Fracturing, Simultaneous Fracturing, Hydrojet Fracturing, Refracturing and so on in use and experiment in shale gas development in the USA. It analyzes the applicability of various fracturing techniques on the base of shale gas development case in foreign country and domestic fracturing technology.This paper holds that Water Fracturing is suited for China shale gas development at this stage,and Water Multistage Fracturing could be used in thick shale reservoirs. Simultaneous Fracturing is necessary of the large-scale shale gas development.Key words: Shale gas; Development Technology; Hydraulic Fracturing; Technology; Water Fracturing? 0引言?????? 世界上页岩气资源很丰富，但目前还没有得到广泛勘探与开发，其根本原因是页岩基质渗透率很低（一般小于1mD），勘探开发困难。页岩气井钻井完成后，只有少数天然裂缝特别发育的井可直接投入生产，90%以上的井需要经过酸化、压裂等储层改造措施后才能获得比较理想的产量[1]。技术进步是页岩气产量提高的根本原因，特别是水平钻井技术和水力压裂技术的进步，使页岩气产量有了突飞猛进的增长。?????? 美国是世界上页岩气工业起步最早，发展最快