腫瘤抗原的新概念及其在淋巴瘤和其他肿瘤免疫治疗中的重要性.doc

【摘要】? 人类恶性肿瘤自身抗原的表达可以激发肿瘤免疫反应，肿瘤抗原特异的免疫治疗的确可以导致肿瘤消退。目前用于肿瘤自身抗原鉴定的方法有许多，已经鉴定出了2 000余种自身肿瘤抗原。虽然已经发现了许多自身肿瘤抗原，但是肿瘤抗原特异的免疫治疗效果目前并不十分令人满意，为此需要不断完善选择这些自身肿瘤抗原的新的理论基础，获得更有效的自身肿瘤抗原进行临床治疗，改善肿瘤患者预后，使将来肿瘤的治愈成为可能。本文主要回顾了自身肿瘤抗原的发现、鉴定、临床作用及作用机理，并综述了一些关于自身肿瘤抗原的新理论新概念，以及其在未来肿瘤免疫治疗中的作用。 【关键词】? 肿瘤抗原 　　New Principles In Tumor Antigens and? Their Significance in Future Immunotherapies for Lymphomas and Other Malignancies? ——Editorial 　　Abstract?? The molecular characterization of self-antigens expressed by human malignancies that are capable of elici-tation of anti-tumor immune responses in patients has been an active field in hematology，oncology，and tumor immuno-logy.? More than 2000 tumor antigens have been identified.? These significant progresses have led to the renaissance of tumor immunology and studies on novel anti-tumor immunotherapies in lymphomas，other hematologic malignancies and?? tumors.? However，despite of the progress in the identification of these self-tumor antigens，current antigen-specific immunotherapies for tumors are far less satisfactory? than that expected，which reflects the urgent need to improve our understanding on the basic principles underlying the selection of these self-tumor antigens.? In order to develop more effective antigen-specific anti-tumor immunotherapies and to monitor the responses to these immunotherapies in patients with lymphomas and other malignancies，many additional questions need to be addressed.? In this brief review，the progress in the identification of tumor antigens in lymphomas and other malignancies was outlined? and? the new principles of self-tumor antigens and their significance for future immunotherapies to these malignancies were summarized. 　　Key words?? tumor antigen; lymphoma; tumor immunology; immunotherapy 　　为了解释肿瘤患者的抗肿瘤免疫反应和改善抗肿瘤免疫治疗，人类恶性肿瘤抗原的鉴定和分子特征研究已经成为一项热点。肿瘤免疫学的发展史表明：病人体内是否存在抗肿瘤免疫以及这种抗肿瘤免疫反应是否可以用于肿瘤免疫的临床治疗，这一问题一直受到置疑。有一个代表性的观点：“我们不可能排斥右耳而同时使左耳完好无损，我们也无法通过免疫机制杀伤肿瘤并同时让正常组织完好无损。”最新研究表明，这一悲观主义观点是错误的，其原因在于这一理论抹杀了正常组织和肿瘤组织