biochemistry of bacterial multidrug efflux pumps生物化学的细菌耐多药外排泵.pdf

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 4484-4495; doi:10.3390/ijm OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422–0067 /journal/ijms Review Biochemistry of Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Pumps Sanath Kumar 1 and Manuel F. Varela 2,* 1 QC Laboratory, Post Harvest Technology Department, Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Versova, Mumbai 400061 India; E-Mail: sanathkumar@.in 2 Biology Department, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales New Mexico, 88130, USA * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: Manuel.Varela@; Tel.: +1-575-562-2464; Fax: +1-575-562-2192. Received: 24 February 2012; in revised form: 9 March 2012 / Accepted: 15 March 2012 / Published: 10 April 2012 Abstract: Bacterial pathogens that are multi-drug resistant compromise the effectiveness of treatment when they are the causative agents of infectious disease. These multi-drug resistance mechanisms allow bacteria to survive in the presence of clinically useful antimicrobial agents, thus reducing the efficacy of chemotherapy towards infectious disease. Importantly, active multi-drug efflux is a major mechanism for bacterial pathogen drug resistance. Therefore, because of their overwhelming presence in bacterial pathogens, these active multi-drug efflux mechanisms remain a major area of intense study, so that u