避雨栽培对宿迁地区早熟桃生长发育及果实品质的影响.doc

避雨栽培对宿迁地区早熟桃生长发育及果实品质的影响 　　摘 要：以早熟桃品种‘金陵黄露’为试验材料，对其果实纵径、横径、裂果率、坐果率、产量及果实品质等指标进行分析，研究避雨栽培对宿迁地区早熟桃生长发育及果实品质的影响。结果表明，避雨栽培虽未改变果实的生长发育过程，但纵、横径比露地栽培增长要快。避雨栽培显著减少桃裂果现象，露地栽培裂果率20.3%，避雨栽培只有6.5%。果实内在品质方面，避雨栽培的果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、总糖含量、VC含量均显著高于对照，总酸含量显著低于对照，单果重与露地栽培无明显差异。此外，避雨栽培显著提高了桃果实的坐果率和产量，666.7m2产量为3 600 kg，比露地栽培提高28.6%。 　　关键词：早熟桃；避雨栽培；生长发育；果实品质；宿迁 　　中图分类号：S662.101文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2016）12-0073-03 　　Abstract Using the early-ripening peach variety Jinlinghuanglu as material， the effects of rain shelter cultivation on growth and fruit quality of peach were explored through investigating the fruit vertical diameter， transverse diameter， dehiscent fruit rate， fruit setting rate， yield， fruit quality and etc. The results showed that rain shelter cultivation did not change the growth and development process of fruits， but the vertical and transverse diameter grew faster than those of open field cultivation. Rain shelter cultivation significantly reduced the dehiscent fruit phenomenon with the dehiscent fruit rate of only 6.5% compared with 20.3% in open field. The fruit hardness， contents of soluble solids， total sugar and VC were significantly higher than those in open field. However， the total acid content was significantly lower than that in open field. There was no significant variation on single fruit weight. Besides， rain shelter cultivation significantly improved the fruit setting rate and yield. The fruit yield of rain shelter cultivation achieved 3 600 kg per 666.7m which increased by 28.6% than that in open field. 　　Keywords Early-ripening peach； Rain shelter cultivation； Growth and development； Fruit quality； Suqian 　　桃（Amygdalus persica）属蔷薇科桃属（Amygdalus）植物[1]，设施栽培是其重要的栽培方式。南方露地栽培桃常易受低温阴雨天气等不良环境因子的影响，导致花的质量差，授粉受精不良，坐果率低，难以丰产，制约了南方早中熟桃的发展[2]。对于中晚熟的桃果实而言，梅雨季节雨水多和湿度大等，有利于病虫害传播，同时导致采前落果严重，果实品质差[3]。已有报道显示，桃树采用避雨栽培方式可减少雨水过多造成的生产损失，并维持较好品质[4]。早熟桃采用避雨栽培可以提高果实坐果率，减少病虫害，并促进果实成熟期提前[5]。马瑞娟等[6]研究表明套袋对金陵黄露桃果实单果质量及内在品质指标均无显著影响，但可以改变果实糖酸组分，增强抗氧化能力。 　　宿迁桃树种植面积达3 000 hm 基本都为露