Introduction to Ecological Analysis in R-Day1外文翻译.pdf

Introduction to Ecological Analysis in R (Day 1) Matthew Lau November 4, 2008 Today, we covered lot of ground with the goal of providing the tools to input and manipulate data, conduct analyses and make plots. Below, I have detailed all of the activities that we did in R. 1. Scripting 2. Math Operations 3. Help! 4. Data Entry 5. Statistical Analyses 6. Plotting 7. Next Class 1 Scripting Perhaps the most important thing we learned above everything else is to use a script editor. Do not work solely in the console command line. Please, open a new script file to work in by going to the file menu and selecting a ”New Document”. This document can be saved for future use, unlike the R Console, which will save what you have done, but not in a reproducible format. When you script you can write out your code and then run it by placing the cursor on the line or highlighting all of the script you want to run and running it (Windows users press CTRL + R and Mac users press COMMAND or APPLE + ENTER). You can add notes by using the pound symbol, #, which tells R not to run any text to the right of that symbol on that line. 2 Math Operations Math operations are basic and intuitive, but are essential tools for working eectively in R. 1 2.1 Basic Math Operations: 1 + 1 [1] 2 1 - 1 [1] 0 2 * 2 [1] 4 2/2 [1] 1 2^2 [1] 4 (2 + 2) * 2 [1] 8 2.2 Math Commands Commands (aka. functions) are the meat of R. They allow us to sim- plify tasks. The basic structure of a command is command(arguments). Here we can see the mechanics of any command. Simply, the command tells R what you want to be done to wha