the expansion of the prame gene family in eutheria在真兽亚纲的扩张prame基因家族.pdf

The Expansion of the PRAME Gene Family in Eutheria 1,2 1¤ 3 4 4 1,2 Ti-Cheng Chang , Yang Yang , Hiroshi Yasue , Arvind K. Bharti , Ernest F. Retzel , Wan-Sheng Liu * 1 Department of Dairy and Animal Science, The Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, 2 The Integrative Biosciences Program, Bioinformatics and Genomics Option, The Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, 3 National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan, 4 National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America Abstract The PRAME gene family belongs to the group of cancer/testis genes whose expression is restricted primarily to the testis and a variety of cancers. The expansion of this gene family as a result of gene duplication has been observed in primates and rodents. We analyzed the PRAME gene family in Eutheria and discovered a novel Y-linked PRAME gene family in bovine, PRAMEY, which underwent amplification after a lineage-specific, autosome-to-Y transposition. Phylogenetic analyses revealed two major evolutionary clades. Clade I containing the amplified PRAMEYs and the unamplified autosomal homologs in cattle and other eutherians is under stronger functional constraints; whereas, Clade II containing the amplified autosomal PRAMEs is under positive selection. Deep-sequencing analysis indicated that eight of the identified 16 PRAMEY loci are active transcrip