英美概况7.ppt

斯图亚特王朝1603~1714 1603年：苏格兰王詹姆士六世加冕成为英格兰的詹姆士一世，统一了英格兰和苏格兰 1620年：对新教徒的镇压激化，一批新教徒乘“五月花号”抵达美洲 1642—1651年：英国内战爆发 1649年：查理一世被处决，克伦威尔宣布共和政体 1660年：查理二世复辟 1676年：格林尼治天文台设立 1685年：牛顿发现万有引力定律 1688—1689年：光荣革命 1694年：英格兰银行成立 1698年：伦敦股票交易所成立 1707年：英格兰、苏格兰合并，形成大不列颠王国  The House of Stuart Stuart Britain The Devine Right of Kings, the Civil Wars, the Restoration, the Glorious Revolution, the Bourgeois Revolution The Stuart Family: the royal family which ruled Scotland from 1371 to 1714 and Britain from 1603 to 1714, except for the Commonwealth period of 1649-1660. Kings were James I, Charles I, Charles II, James II, Mary II and Anne. Divine Right of Kings (“君权神授”) A doctrine that the king derives his authority from God, not the people. The supreme authority of the state is personified in the king. This theory arouse in France at the time of the Renaissance and gave kings a basis for absolute power until the bourgeois revolution in the 17th and 18th centuries in west Europe. In England James I was the first king to express the doctrine openly, but the Parliamentarians did not accept the idea. James I “The wisest fool” Elizabeth I died with no heir; closest by descent was James VI from Scotland. Became James I after ascending throne. Caused many Puritans to flee to Europe and the American colonies. He also was despised by English Catholics. James I’s religious background was Scottish Protestant. King James’ version of the Bible: first authorized version issued by Church of England. 詹姆士从1567年开始统治苏格兰，称詹姆士六世。他出生于爱尔兰，是苏格兰女王玛丽和达思利勋爵的独子，一岁时继承苏格兰王位，1603年伊丽莎白女王逝世后，应邀前往英格兰继承王位，改称詹姆士一世。詹姆士一世受过良好教育，知识渊博，智商很高，研究过很多学科，著述颇丰，但政治上保守，固持已见，不能适应英国 The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 Conspired to kill James I Planted gunpowder in cellars of the House of Parliament. Set to go off during parliamentary session Plot was foiled（阻止）; Fawkes was killed Guy Fawkes Day, November 5; not a national holiday but still celebrated The Gunpowder Plotters The Pilgrim Fathers set sail from Plymouth on 16th September 1620 in the