spatial variability in levels of benzene, formaldehyde, and total benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes in new york city a land-use regression study空间变异性水平的苯,甲醛,苯,甲苯,乙苯和二甲苯在纽约一个土地使用回归研究.pdf

Kheirbek et al. Environmental Health 2012, 11:51 /content/11/1/51 RESEARCH Open Access Spatial variability in levels of benzene, formaldehyde, and total benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes in New York City: a land-use regression study 1* 1 2 1 1 3 1 Iyad Kheirbek , Sarah Johnson , Zev Ross , Grant Pezeshki , Kazuhiko Ito , Holger Eisl and Thomas Matte Abstract Background: Hazardous air pollutant exposures are common in urban areas contributing to increased risk of cancer and other adverse health outcomes. While recent analyses indicate that New York City residents experience significantly higher cancer risks attributable to hazardous air pollutant exposures than the United States as a whole, limited data exist to assess intra-urban variability in air toxics exposures. Methods: To assess intra-urban spatial variability in exposures to common hazardous air pollutants, street-level air sampling for volatile organic compounds and aldehydes was conducted at 70 sites throughout New York City during the spring of 2011. Land-use regression models were developed using a subset of 59 sites and validated against the remaining 11 sites to describe the relationship between concentrations of benzene, total BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes) and formaldehyde to indicators of local sources, adjusting for temporal variation. Results: Total BTEX levels exhibited the most spatial variability, followed by benzene and formaldehyde (coefficient of variation of temporally adjusted measurements of 0.57, 0.35, 0.22, respectively). Total roadway length within 100 m, traffic signal density within 400 m of monitoring sites, and an indicator of temporal variation explained 65%