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IIeVI semiconductor 1 nanowires: ZnO J. Miao, B. Liu School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 1.1 Introduction IIeVI semiconductors such as ZnS, CdS, and CdTe are a special class of materials with properties in between those of insulators and conductors, comprising elements of Groups II and VI of the Periodic Table, among which zinc oxide (ZnO) is an impor- tant IIeVI semiconductor material that has been used in a wide range of applications. The first application of ZnO dates to a few thousand years ago, in the Bronze Age, when people started using it to heal wounds. Later, the Romans learned to use ZnO in brass production, although the exact ingredients were unknown. Nowadays, ZnO is an essential component that appears in various products, such as plastics, ceramics, rubbers, lubricants, batteries, paints, protective coatings, fire retardants, and pharma- ceutical products (Figure 1.1). In modern materials science, ZnO is an important IIeVI semiconductor with several unique features, including the wide bandgap (3.37 eV), good transparency, excellent electron mobility, and low thermal expansion, which make ZnO a versatile Lubricants Paints Rubbers Zinc oxide Batteries Ceramics Plastics Figure 1.1 The application areas of ZnO. Semiconductor Nanowires. /10.1016/B978-1-78242-253-2.00001-3 Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 4 Semiconductor Nanowires material in numerous novel applications, such as light-e