托福听力背景就该这么学-鳄鱼嘴用粪便筑岛-智课教育旗下智课教育.pdf

智 课 网 托 福 备 考 资 料 托福听力背景就该这么学-鳄鱼嘴用粪便筑岛-智课教育 旗下智课教育 本文为大家整理的是托福听力背景材料的分析，大家可以参考一下 ，在备考时注意这些要点的灵活运用，相信会有所收获。 今天智课教育小编为大家分享的是托福听力的背景学习。备考托福 听力就要把听力文本吃透分析彻底。这样不仅能积累背景材料，还能把 听力的专业词汇积累起来一块背诵，为托托福听力打下坚实的基础。下 面跟小编一起看一下鳄鱼嘴是怎么用粪便筑岛的? Parrotfish munching on algae ingest coral and then eliminate the rocky substrate, creating island-building grade sediment in places like the Maldives. Julia Rosen reports The Maldives form a constellation of almost 1,200 coral reef islands in the Indian Ocean. They have stunning white sand beaches surrounded by emerald blue water. And according to a new study, they may owe their existence to parrotfish. More specifically: to parrotfish poop. C. T. Perry et al, Linking reef ecology to island building: Parrotfish identified as major producers of island-building sediment in the Maldives, in Geology] If you’ve ever snorkeled near a coral reef, you’ve probably seen neon-colored parrotfish. Their name refers to their sharp, beaklike teeth. You may have heard them too. That’s a parrotfish literally eating the reef’s coral skeleton. It bites off tiny pieces of hard coral as it forages for algae. “That gets taken into the fish. It’s then milled. And it passes through their intestines and it’s then excreted out the back end as clouds of sediment.” Chris Perry, a marine geoscientist at the University of Exeter in the U.K. “And that is then distributed onto the reef. And it’s a way, at least in this system and elsewhere parrotfish are abundant that you can convert coral substrate into sediment grade material.” In 2013, Perry and colleagues went to the Maldives to find out how the reef—which grows underwater—generates sediments that pile up, forming islands that rise above the water’s surface. The team discovered that parrotfish play a critical role in this process: their waste accounts for a whopping 85% of all the sand produced on the reef.