spacetime foam from entropy and holography to infinite statistics and nonlocality从熵和全息术时空泡沫无限的统计和非定域性.pdf

Entropy 2008, 10, 441-461; DOI: 10.3390/ OPEN ACCESS entropy ISSN 1099-4300 /journal/entropy Article Spacetime Foam: From Entropy and Holography to Infinite Statistics and Nonlocality Y. Jack Ng Institute of Field Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA E-mail: yjng@ Received: 25 March 2008; in revised form: 9 October 2008 / Accepted: 10 October 2008 / Published: 14 October 2008 Abstract: Due to quantum fluctuations, spacetime is foamy on small scales. The degree of foaminess is found to be consistent with holography, a principle prefigured in the physics of black hole entropy. It has bearing on the ultimate accuracies of clocks and measurements and the physics of quantum computation. Consistent with existing archived data on active galactic nuclei from the Hubble Space Telescope, the application of the holographic spacetime foam model to cosmology requires the existence of dark energy which, we argue, is composed of an enormous number of inert “particles” of extremely long wavelength. We suggest that these “particles” obey infinite statistics in which all representations of the particle permutation group can occur, and that the nonlocality present in systems obeying infinite statistics may be related to the nonlocality present in holographic theories. We also propose to detect spacetime foam by looking for halos in the images of distant quasars, and argue that it does not modify the GZK cutoff in the ultra-high energy cosmic ray spectru