动词的非谓语形有三种不定式,动名和分词.ppt

(二)动名词  动名词由动词十 ing构成; 具有动词和名词的性质; 在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语． 1)作主语． 例如: Seeing is believing. Laying eggs is the ant queen’s full-time job. It is no use arguing with him. 注意：动名词和不定式都可以作主语，一般来说区别不大，可以互换；有时有些区别，主要表现在： 动名词更接近于名词。 表示习惯性的或抽象的多次性行为，不定式 往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。 在口语中和疑问句中常用动名词，而不用不定式。 主语和表语一般在形式上要保持一致。 例如： Playing with fire is dangerous．(泛指玩火) To play with fire will be dangerous．(指一具体动作) Seeing is believing. 但在 It is no use／ good，not any use／ good，useless /there is no …等后必须用动名词。 例如： It’s no use (useless) talking too much. It’s no good crying over spilt milk. There is no telling what will happen. There is no getting along with him. 2)作表语． 例如： Her job is teaching. 3)作宾语． 例如： He is fond of playing football． I like swimming. 附: 只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和词组: advise,admit, avoid, consider, delay, enjoy, excuse, finish, deny, allow, escape, forgive, imagine, mind, keep, miss, practise, prevent, resist, risk, suggest, understand, appreciate, can’t help, put off, give up… e.g. The doctor advised me giving up smoking and drinking. You’d better put off having the meeting till next month. You must try your best to avoid meeting him in that street. 在 be worth doing句型中，动名词 doing表示的也是被动意义． 例如： The book is worth reading． The piano is (well) worth buying. The honest man is worth respecting and depending on. 注① admit，appreciate，avoid，consider, delay, dislike，enjoy，escape, excuse，face，feel like，finish，forgive，give up, imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist, risk，suggest，can’t help，can’t stand(无法忍受)等动词后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式． 注② forget，go on，like，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。 注③ 注④ 动词 need，require，want,deserve 作“需要”解，(此时的主语往往是物), 其后跟动词作它的宾语时，必须用动名词，或不定式的被动式．这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义． 例如: The babies want (need, require) examining. The sick woman needs (wants,requires) looking after. 注⑤ 在短语 devote to，look forward to，stick to，to be used to，object to，thank you for，excuse me for，be( kept) busy，be worth，have difficul