bacillus anthracis peptidoglycan stimulates an inflammatory response in monocytes through the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway炭疽杆菌肽聚糖刺激炎症反应在单核细胞增殖蛋白激酶途径.pdf

Bacillus anthracis Peptidoglycan Stimulates an Inflammatory Response in Monocytes through the p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway 1 1 1 2 3 Marybeth Langer , Alexander Malykhin , Kenichiro Maeda , Kaushik Chakrabarty , Kelly S. Williamson , 4 4 2 1 Christa L. Feasley , Christopher M. West , Jordan P. Metcalf , K. Mark Coggeshall * 1 Immunobiology and Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America, 2 Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America, 3 Free Radical Biology Aging Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America, 4 Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America Abstract We hypothesized that the peptidoglycan component of B. anthracis may play a critical role in morbidity and mortality associated with inhalation anthrax. To explore this issue, we purified the peptidoglycan component of the bacterial cell wall and studied the response of human peripheral blood cells. The purified B. anthracis peptidoglycan was free of non- covalently bound protein but contained a complex set of amino acids probably arising from the stem peptide. The peptidoglycan contained a polysaccharide that was removed by mild acid treatment, and the biological activity remained with the peptidoglycan and not the polys