16-1 电子自旋及原子的电子壳层结构.ppt
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十、关于量子力学的争论 以Bohr为首的哥本哈根学派的观点: (1)波函数的几率诠释; (2)测不准关系; (3)互补性观点。 量子力学是统计理论,是完备的理论。 Einstein认为: “我相信有可能建立一个理论,它能给出实在的完备描写,它的定律确立事物本身之间的关系,而不仅仅是它们的几率之间的关系。……量子力学给人的印象是深刻的。但是一个内部的声音告诉我,这还不是真正的理论。 这个理论给出了许多结果,但是并没有使我们离上帝的秘密更近一些。无论如何,我确信他不玩骰子。” (7)材料学、电子学、化学、生物学等。 十一、后续 量子力学解释了许多物理现象: (1)海森伯关于氦原子的理论; (2)海特勒和伦敦关于连接同种原子的共价键理论; (3)泡令的化学键理论; (5)海森伯的铁磁性理论; (4)布洛赫对周期场中 波的计算; (6)伽莫夫用势垒穿透解释 衰变。 十一、后续 量子力学的一些基本概念和诠释难以理解。 Bohr: “如果谁在第一次学习量子概念时不觉得糊涂,他就一点也没有懂” Feyman: “我想我可以有把握地说,没有人懂得量子力学。 ……我来告诉你自然界如何行事。如果你接受我地说法,认为也许她的确这么行事,那么你们会发现她是令人愉悦而且着迷的。千万不要问:‘她为什么会这样?’如果那样你就会走进一条死胡同。……” 今日作业 15-34,35,37 * 六系 * 九系 * * 电子有 质量、 电荷、 自旋 等物理属性 * If the direction of the magnetization is the same in both magnetic layers the electrons with parallel spin (red) can pass through the entire system without scattering to any great extent. The total resistance of the system will therefore be small. If the direction of magnetization in the two magnetic layers is opposed, all the electrons will have anti-parallel spin in one of the layers and will therefore scatter a great deal. As a result the total resistance is high. * Magnetic random access memory. The point of MRAM is that it is possible to use TMR both to read and to write information and thereby create a magnetic computer memory which is fast and easily accessible. MRAM could therefore be used as a working memory, as opposed to the slower hard disk, but it would also be a permanent memory, which does not depend on electric power. This means that MRAM could develop into a universal memory which would replace both the traditional RAM and the hard disk. The compactness of such a system may prove to be particularly useful in small embedded computer systems – in everything from kitchen stoves to automobiles. 玻色子不遵从 泡利不相容原理 * 1.时间: 2011-12-27 (今日) 15:30-17:00 18:00-21:00 地点: 本科生教学楼 教6-203 2. 时间: 2012-1-4 ~5 (下周三、四) 9:00-11:30 ;
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