加拿大高中与大学教材中科学家的形象表征.pdf

JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SCIENCE TEACHING VOL. 45, NO. 9, PP. 1059–1082 (2008) Representations of Scientists in Canadian High School and College Textbooks Michiel van Eijck,1 Wolff-Michael Roth2 1Eindhoven School of Education, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands 2Applied Cognitive Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada Received 28 March 2007; Accepted 10 December 2007 Abstract: This study investigated the representations of a select group of scientists (n ¼ 10) in a sample of Canadian high school and college textbooks. Drawing on semiotic and cultural-historical activity theoretical frameworks, we conducted two analyses. A coarse-grained, quantitative analysis of the prevalence and structure of these representations exhibited bias toward particular scientists’ representations and particular types of texts and inscriptions therein, suggesting a domain-specific rhetorical structure. A fine-grained, qualitative analysis of scientists’ representations revealed that high school and college textbooks represent: (a) objects of scientific practice as projected or anticipated independently from human activity; (b) scientists’ individual actions aiming at the creation of non-tangible tools and rules by means of observation, modification, or manipulation of given, tangible objects; (c) scientific practice as isolated due to which the simultaneous belonging to different practices hardly determines the goals of scientists’ actions; and (d) scientists as part of a small community of mainly other scientists who subsequently determine each other’s individual actions. The implications of these outcomes were discussed. 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 45: 1059– 1082, 2008 Keywords: biology