culturaldifference[集体个人主义].ppt

Thinking Question;There Are Differences Among Cultures.;Chapter 3;Ways to Understanding and Comparing Cultural Differences;Contents;Understanding Cultural Differences;Understanding Cultural Differences;Subcultures/co-cultures;Dominant Culture;Chinese Culture;Understanding Cultural Differences;;Comparing Cultures as Overlapping Normal Distribution;Contents;（1）Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s Value Orientations ;a. Human nature ; ;Discussion on Human Nature;Influences of Different Human Nature Orientations on HRM;Theory X;Theory Y;b. Relationship to nature ; ;Do You Know this?; ; ;（2）Hofstede’s National Cultures;Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions;1. individualism versus collectivism;集体主义与个人主义群体的观点之不同;日本：突出来的钉子，将会被打下去。 In Japan, the nail that sticks up is pounded down, 前苏维埃：最早长出来的草，最先被砍去。 In the former Soviet Union, the highest blade of grass is always the first to be cut that governed the attitude of the have-nots are valid reflections of collectivist societal attitudes. 枪打出头鸟。 人怕出名，猪怕壮。 表现了社会对个人超过集体的不能容忍。 Both express societys intolerance of the placement of personal success over that of the group. ;Some examples; SUMMARY: Individuals in a collectivist culture derive their status relative to others within the society and each person accepts the obligations that come from one’s position in the hierarchy. ;案例一：Praising Japanese in Public Workplaces （在工作场所当众表扬日本人);美国人：苏奇木柘先生，你是该说“谢谢”呢，还是只是保持沉默？ 日本人：对不起，约翰先生，我可以离开五分钟吗？ 美国人：当然可以。（他有点不悦地看着苏奇木柘走出去）真不明白有些日本人怎么这么没礼貌，你表扬他们，他们好像会很不安，也不回答你，只是静静地听着。;讨论（Questions for discussion);2. Uncertainty-Avoidance(不确定规避);a joke about the attitude of the Swiss toward uncertainty-avoidance.;Germans may be the ultimate kingpins of uncertainty-avoidance in Europe. The Germans so hate the idea of uncertainty that there is actually a set of laws which would come into force when all other national laws break down. ;不确定性规避较低的国家？？;Societies that have a low measure of uncertainty-avoidance generally value achievement over sec