初中英语非谓语动词讲解.pdf

非谓语动词之“动词不定式”详解 非谓语动词就是不充当谓语的动词，分两种。一是动词不定式。二是动词 ing 形式。 一、动词不定式 1） 作主语 To learn English well is not easy. 或 It is not easy to learn English well. [说明 ]动词不定式作主语时，往往用 it 作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型： e.g. It is + adj.+ 动词不定式 如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者，可以用 for+sb. e.g. It is + adj.+ for sb.to do sth. 2 ）作表语 （表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、 介词短语、 动词的 -ing 形式、不定式、从句来充当， 它常位于系动词 （be, become, appear, seem, look, sound, feel, get, smell 等词）之后。 ） e.g. My wish is to become a teacher. 3 ）作宾语或者宾语补足语 e.g. Most of us like to watch football matches. e.g. He told me to be here on time. 4 ）作定语： e.g. I have nothing to say about that thing. 5 ）作状语： e.g. He stopped to have a look. [说明 ] 动词不定式的否定形式： not + to + 动词原形构成 e.g. He asked me not to make such a mistake. 2、动词不定式与疑问词连用： 疑问词 who, what, which 和疑问副词 when, where, how, why 等后面可以按动词不定式， 构成 动词不定式短语。 e.g. (1) He doesn ’t know how to use the machine. (2) How to use the machine is a question. (3) The question is when to go there. 3、省去了 to 的动词不定式 1）let, have, make+do 2 ）感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find +to 。 注意： 在被动语态中则 to 不能省掉。 e.g. I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance. e.g. The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night. 3 ）would rather ，had better + do 4、动词不定式的特殊句型： 1）too …to …+to do ： e.g. He is too excited to speak. 2 ）enough to do ： e.g. The child is old enough to go to school. 3 ）Why not +do e.g. Why not take a holiday? 4 ）so as (not) to do: 表示目的 e.g. Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 5、不定式的难点： 1）用作介词的“ to ”： 比如说 look forward to ; pay attention to; devote oneself tobe/get used to ，后面都是 +doing 的 ！ 2 ）Its for sb. 和 Its of sb. 的区别 1 二、动词 ing 形式： 动词 in